The Public Water Supplies of England

The Analyst ◽  
1882 ◽  
Vol 7 (March) ◽  
pp. 47
Keyword(s):  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Public

Bottled Water Industry in Brunei Darussalam: The Unregulated Sector?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-165
Keyword(s):  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
The Government

Brunei is seeing a proliferation of bottled companies established in the country in the last decade, driven by cheap water supplies, easily available water filtering systems and demand by the public. This research found 16 ‘companies,’ ‘producing’ and distributing over 34 brands of bottled waters in the country. Since bottled water industry is ‘popular,’ it is necessary to understand how the industry is being monitored and regulated by the government as it involved products consumed by the public. Since most of the bottled water companies use water drawn from the pipes supplied by the government, it is also important to understand how the government is protecting, monitoring and regulating this valuable resource from exploitation. This paper is a preliminary research on the bottled water industry in Brunei Darussalam.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Cryptosporidium parvum among children after a school excursion to an adventure farm, South West England

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hoek ◽  
I. Oliver ◽  
M. Barlow ◽  
L. Heard ◽  
R. Chalmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Public ◽  
South West ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Private Wells ◽  
South West England

We present the results of an outbreak investigation on a Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak among 35 people, (27 students and 8 teachers), who participated in a school excursion to an outdoor adventure farm in South West England, from 22 to 26 May 2006. A cohort study was implemented to investigate possible sources of infection during the farm visit. The most likely transmission route was contact with faecally contaminated surface water following heavy rainfall, or consumption of water from the private well. Disinfection of the water reservoir was by chlorination, to which cryptosporidium is resistant. Supplemental disinfection or filtration methods of private water supplies on livestock farms may be needed. This study highlights the fact that epidemiological investigations of outbreaks as a result of environmental exposures are complex but important to inform the public and health professionals of the risks posed by private water supplies and outdoor activities. This is particularly so after heavy rainfall, as this may result in an increased effluent from faecally contaminated land, causing a wide variety of pathogens to wash into surface water and potentially, private wells. This poses risks for public health.

scholarly journals A survey of the microbiological quality of private water supplies in England

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RUTTER ◽  
G. L. NICHOLS ◽  
A. SWAN ◽  
J. DE LOUVOIS
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli

Results from statutory testing of private water supplies in nine Public Health Laboratories in England were compiled, and the effects of supply class, source, treatment and location on water quality were examined. A total of 6551 samples from 2911 supplies was examined, over a 2-year period, of which 1342 (21%) samples, and 949 (33%) supplies on at least one occasion, failed current regulations for Escherichia coli. Total coliforms, including E. coli, were detected in 1751 (27%) samples from 1215 (42%) supplies. The percentage of samples positive for E. coli was highest in summer and autumn, and lowest in winter. Samples taken from larger supplies and from boreholes were less frequently contaminated than those from other sources. Chlorination, filtration or UV light treatment improved the bacteriological quality of supplies, but still resulted in a low level of compliance with the regulations. The public health implications of the study are discussed.

Getting ready for climate change implications for the western USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-733
Author(s):  
P. Standish-Lee ◽  
K. Lecina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Western United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Users

Water users throughout the western United States have faced supply problems from the conception of modern civilization. Today, climate change, population growth, and declining water quality combine with the age-old problem of finding sufficient water resources in a region with a largely arid climate. Climate change in particular poses a significant threat to the sustainability of water supplies in the western United States (the West). Casting aside all debate about who and what is responsible for climate change, the public and water utilities alike must be prepared to address its effects on water supplies.

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