scholarly journals Outbreak of Cryptosporidium parvum among children after a school excursion to an adventure farm, South West England

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hoek ◽  
I. Oliver ◽  
M. Barlow ◽  
L. Heard ◽  
R. Chalmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Public ◽  
South West ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Private Wells ◽  
South West England

We present the results of an outbreak investigation on a Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak among 35 people, (27 students and 8 teachers), who participated in a school excursion to an outdoor adventure farm in South West England, from 22 to 26 May 2006. A cohort study was implemented to investigate possible sources of infection during the farm visit. The most likely transmission route was contact with faecally contaminated surface water following heavy rainfall, or consumption of water from the private well. Disinfection of the water reservoir was by chlorination, to which cryptosporidium is resistant. Supplemental disinfection or filtration methods of private water supplies on livestock farms may be needed. This study highlights the fact that epidemiological investigations of outbreaks as a result of environmental exposures are complex but important to inform the public and health professionals of the risks posed by private water supplies and outdoor activities. This is particularly so after heavy rainfall, as this may result in an increased effluent from faecally contaminated land, causing a wide variety of pathogens to wash into surface water and potentially, private wells. This poses risks for public health.

Urinary Arsenic Biomonitoring Results In Relation To Inorganic Arsenic In Private Drinking Water Supplies In Cornwall, South West England

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 3003
Author(s):  
Dan Middleton ◽  
Tony Fletcher ◽  
Michael Watts ◽  
Elliott Hamilton ◽  
Louise Ander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Urinary Arsenic ◽  
South West ◽  
South West England

Long-term tributyltin (TBT)-induced sterilization of neogastropods: persistence of effects in Ocenebra erinacea over 20 years in the vicinity of Falmouth (Cornwall, UK)

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
South West ◽  
Antifouling Agent ◽  
Tbt Pollution ◽  
South West England

A population of the neogastropod Ocenebra erinacea sited close to the shipyard at Falmouth (Cornwall: south-west England) has been monitored over a period of 20 years for the effects of exposure to the antifouling agent tributyltin (TBT). During the years 1986 to 1995 the proportion of females sterilized through abnormal development of the oviduct increased from 36% to 87%. Despite legislative restrictions on TBT paints, in 2006 there was little improvement in the reproductive capacity of the population in that over 75% of females still showed the same abnormality. At the sampling site, levels of TBT in surface water had a background of around 2 ng Sn l−1 throughout the period of study with higher peaks up to 50 ng Sn l−1. Much of the TBT pollution in the Fal estuary and environs in recent years appears to be the result of discharges from the shipyard at Falmouth within the estuary.

scholarly journals Two cases of monkeypox imported to the United Kingdom, September 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling Vaughan ◽  
Emma Aarons ◽  
John Astbury ◽  
Sooria Balasegaram ◽  
Mike Beadsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Health Response ◽  
The Uk ◽  
South West England

In early September 2018, two cases of monkeypox were reported in the United Kingdom (UK), diagnosed on 7 September in Cornwall (South West England) and 11 September in Blackpool (North West England). The cases were epidemiologically unconnected and had recently travelled to the UK from Nigeria, where monkeypox is currently circulating. We describe the epidemiology and the public health response for the first diagnosed cases outside the African continent since 2003.

TBE in United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North And South ◽  
South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

Changing Places: Rock Art and Holocene Landscapes in the Wadi al-Ajal, South-West Libya

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tertia Barnett ◽  
Maria Guagnin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Gis Model ◽  
South West ◽  
Settlement Location ◽  
Central Sahara ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This article examines the relationship between rock art and landscape use by pastoral groups and early settled communities in the central Sahara from around 6000 BC to 1000 AD. During this period the region experienced significant climatic and environmental fluctuations. Using new results from a systematic survey in the Wadi al-Ajal, south-west Libya, our research combines data from over 2000 engraved rock art panels with local archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence within a GIS model. Spatial analysis of these data indicates a correspondence between the frequency of rock art sites and human settlement over time. However, while changes in settlement location were guided primarily by the constraints on accessibility imposed by surface water, the distribution of rock art relates to the availability of pasture and patterns of movement through the landscape. Although the reasons for these movements undoubtedly altered over time, natural routes that connected the Wadi al-Ajal and areas to the south continued to be a focus for carvings over several thousand years.

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