Trace enrichment and sample preparation of alkylthio-s-triazine herbicides in environmental waters using a supported liquid membrane technique in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography

The Analyst ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negussie Megersa ◽  
Jan Åke Jönsson ◽  
Negussie Megersa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Supported Liquid Membrane ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Trace Enrichment ◽  
Membrane Technique

Determination of phenazopyridine in biological fluids using electromembrane extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 702-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lida Fotouhi ◽  
Yadollah Yamini ◽  
Razieh Hosseini ◽  
Maryam Rezazadeh
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Supported Liquid Membrane ◽  
Plasma And Urine Samples ◽  
Electromembrane Extraction ◽  
Acceptor Solution

Recently, electro-assisted extraction of ionic drugs from biological fluids through a supported liquid membrane and into an aqueous acceptor solution was introduced as a new sample preparation technique and has been termed electromembrane extraction (EME). In the present work, this microextraction technique combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection has been developed for detection of phenazopyridine (PP) as a local analgesic drug in human plasma and urine samples. From a 6.5 mL neutral aqueous sample, PP was extracted for 20 min through a thin supported liquid membrane of 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether sustained in the pores of the wall of a porous hollow fiber and into an aqueous acidic acceptor solution (25 μL, containing negative electrode) by application of a DC electrical potential. The effects of several factors, including the nature of organic solvent, HCl concentration in donor and acceptor solutions, stirring speed, extraction time, and applied voltage on the extraction efficiency of the drug, were investigated and optimized. Satisfactory linearity ranges with correlation coefficients higher than 0.996 in different extraction media, admissible limits of detection (0.5 and 1.0 ng mL−1 in urine and plasma samples, respectively) and good repeatability and reproducibility (intra- and inter-assay precisions ranged between 3.7%–6.8% and 8.8%–12.5%, respectively) were obtained. The optimized EME procedure was applied to determine the concentration of PP in various matrices, such as plasma and urine samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.

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