Effects of micellar head group structure on the spontaneous hydrolysis of methyl naphthalene-2-sulfonate. The role of perchlorate ion

1998 ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Brinchi ◽  
Pietro Di Profio ◽  
Raimondo Germani ◽  
Gianfranco Savelli ◽  
Nicoletta Spreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Structure ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Perchlorate Ion ◽  
Spontaneous Hydrolysis ◽  
Methyl Naphthalene ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals pH-dependent spontaneous hydrolysis rather than gut bacterial metabolism reduces levels of the ADHD treatment, Methylphenidate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Aresti-Sanz ◽  
Walid Maho ◽  
Rob Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Hjalmar Permentier ◽  
Sahar El Aidy
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Spontaneous Hydrolysis ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
High Interindividual Variability ◽  
Carboxylesterase 1 ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractMethylphenidate is absorbed in the small intestine. The drug is known to have low bioavailability and a high interindividual variability in terms of response to the treatment. Gut microbiota has been shown to reduce the bioavailability of a wide variety of orally administered drugs. Here, we tested the ability of small intestinal bacteria to metabolize methylphenidate. In silico analysis identified several small intestinal bacteria to harbor homologues of the human carboxylesterase 1 enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of methylphenidate in the liver. Despite our initial results hinting towards possible bacterial hydrolysis of the drug, up to 60% of methylphenidate was spontaneously hydrolyzed in the absence of bacteria and this hydrolysis was pH-dependent. Overall, the study shows that pH-dependent spontaneous hydrolysis rather than gut bacterial metabolism reduces levels of methylphenidate and suggest a role of the luminal pH in the bioavailability of the drug.

Role of head group structure in the phase behavior of amino phospholipids. 2. Lamellar and nonlamellar phases of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine analogs

Biochemistry ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 4259-4267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Brown ◽  
John Steers ◽  
Sek Wen Hui ◽  
Philip L. Yeagle ◽  
John R. Silvius
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Head Group

Structure of Micellar Head-Groups and the Hydrolysis of Phenyl Chloroformate − The Role of Perchlorate Ion

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Brinchi ◽  
Pietro Di Profio ◽  
Francesca Micheli ◽  
Raimondo Germani ◽  
Gianfranco Savelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perchlorate Ion ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Steroid Sulphatase and Its Inhibitors: Past, Present and Future

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2852
Author(s):  
Paul A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Good Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steroid Sulphatase ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
The University ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Steroid sulphatase (STS), involved in the hydrolysis of steroid sulphates, plays an important role in the formation of both active oestrogens and androgens. Since these steroids significantly impact the proliferation of both oestrogen- and androgen-dependent cancers, many research groups over the past 30 years have designed and developed STS inhibitors. One of the main contributors to this field has been Prof. Barry Potter, previously at the University of Bath and now at the University of Oxford. Upon Prof. Potter’s imminent retirement, this review takes a look back at the work on STS inhibitors and their contribution to our understanding of sulphate biology and as potential therapeutic agents in hormone-dependent disease. A number of potent STS inhibitors have now been developed, one of which, Irosustat (STX64, 667Coumate, BN83495), remains the only one to have completed phase I/II clinical trials against numerous indications (breast, prostate, endometrial). These studies have provided new insights into the origins of androgens and oestrogens in women and men. In addition to the therapeutic role of STS inhibition in breast and prostate cancer, there is now good evidence to suggest they may also provide benefits in patients with colorectal and ovarian cancer, and in treating endometriosis. To explore the potential of STS inhibitors further, a number of second- and third-generation inhibitors have been developed, together with single molecules that possess aromatase–STS inhibitory properties. The further development of potent STS inhibitors will allow their potential therapeutic value to be explored in a variety of hormone-dependent cancers and possibly other non-oncological conditions.

scholarly journals Regulation of the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP by mitochondrial ATPase. Role of Mg2+.

1983 ◽  
Vol 258 (22) ◽  
pp. 13673-13679 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gómez-Puyou ◽  
G Ayala ◽  
U Muller ◽  
M Tuena de Gómez-Puyou
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Atpase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases in Bacteria: Active Site, Structure, Function and Application

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsuk Oh ◽  
T. Doohun Kim ◽  
Kyeong Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Carboxylic Ester ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Carboxylic Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ester Hydrolases

Carboxylic ester hydrolases (CEHs), which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic esters to produce alcohol and acid, are identified in three domains of life. In the Protein Data Bank (PDB), 136 crystal structures of bacterial CEHs (424 PDB codes) from 52 genera and metagenome have been reported. In this review, we categorize these structures based on catalytic machinery, structure and substrate specificity to provide a comprehensive understanding of the bacterial CEHs. CEHs use Ser, Asp or water as a nucleophile to drive diverse catalytic machinery. The α/β/α sandwich architecture is most frequently found in CEHs, but 3-solenoid, β-barrel, up-down bundle, α/β/β/α 4-layer sandwich, 6 or 7 propeller and α/β barrel architectures are also found in these CEHs. Most are substrate-specific to various esters with types of head group and lengths of the acyl chain, but some CEHs exhibit peptidase or lactamase activities. CEHs are widely used in industrial applications, and are the objects of research in structure- or mutation-based protein engineering. Structural studies of CEHs are still necessary for understanding their biological roles, identifying their structure-based functions and structure-based engineering and their potential industrial applications.

The role of pretreatment in improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoni Sun ◽  
Shaolong Sun ◽  
Xuefei Cao ◽  
Runcang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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