scholarly journals Impact of ABCC2 haplotypes on transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation and function

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Laechelt ◽  
E Turrini ◽  
A Ruehmkorf ◽  
W Siegmund ◽  
I Cascorbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
And Function

Mixed tailing by TENT4A and TENT4B shields mRNA from rapid deadenylation

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 361 (6403) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaechul Lim ◽  
Dongwan Kim ◽  
Young-suk Lee ◽  
Minju Ha ◽  
Mihye Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mrna Half Life ◽  
In Cells

RNA tails play integral roles in the regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and decay. Guanylation of the poly(A) tail was discovered recently, yet the enzymology and function remain obscure. Here we identify TENT4A (PAPD7) and TENT4B (PAPD5) as the enzymes responsible for mRNA guanylation. Purified TENT4 proteins generate a mixed poly(A) tail with intermittent non-adenosine residues, the most common of which is guanosine. A single guanosine residue is sufficient to impede the deadenylase CCR4-NOT complex, which trims the tail and exposes guanosine at the 3′ end. Consistently, depletion of TENT4A and TENT4B leads to a decrease in mRNA half-life and abundance in cells. Thus, TENT4A and TENT4B produce a mixed tail that shields mRNA from rapid deadenylation. Our study unveils the role of mixed tailing and expands the complexity of posttranscriptional gene regulation.

scholarly journals The role of CPEB family proteins in the nervous system function in the norm and pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kozlov ◽  
Yulii V. Shidlovskii ◽  
Rudolf Gilmutdinov ◽  
Paul Schedl ◽  
Mariya Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mrna Transport ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Nervous System Function ◽  
Functional Features

AbstractPosttranscriptional gene regulation includes mRNA transport, localization, translation, and regulation of mRNA stability. CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding) family proteins bind to specific sites within the 3′-untranslated region and mediate poly- and deadenylation of transcripts, activating or repressing protein synthesis. As part of ribonucleoprotein complexes, the CPEB proteins participate in mRNA transport and localization to different sub-cellular compartments. The CPEB proteins are evolutionarily conserved and have similar functions in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the nervous system, the CPEB proteins are involved in cell division, neural development, learning, and memory. Here we consider the functional features of these proteins in the nervous system of phylogenetically distant organisms: Drosophila, a well-studied model, and mammals. Disruption of the CPEB proteins functioning is associated with various pathologies, such as autism spectrum disorder and brain cancer. At the same time, CPEB gene regulation can provide for a recovery of the brain function in patients with fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease, making the CPEB genes promising targets for gene therapy.

scholarly journals Gene Regulation and Function: It's Rocking Science

Immunity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Chen Dong ◽  
Shomyseh Sanjabi ◽  
Elizabeth Eynon
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
And Function

Mental illness: The collision of meaning with mechanism

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-289
Author(s):  
Steven E. Hyman ◽  
Doug McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
And Function ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
The Brain

‘Mental illness: the collision of meaning with mechanism’ is based on the views of psychiatry that Steven Hyman articulated in his Loebel Lectures—mental illness results from the disordered functioning of the human brain and effective treatment repairs or mitigates those malfunctions. This view is not intended as reductionist as causes of mental illness and contributions to their repair may come from any source that affects the structure and function of the brain. These might include social interactions and other sources of lived experience, ideas (such as those learned in cognitive therapy), gene sequences and gene regulation, metabolic factors, drugs, electrodes, and so on. This, however, is not the whole story for psychiatry on Hyman’s view; interpersonal interactions between clinicians and patients, intuitively understood in such folk psychological terms as selfhood, intention, and agency are also critical for successful practice. As human beings who are suffering, patients seek to make sense of their lives and benefit from the empathy, respect, and a sense of being understood not only as the objects of a clinical encounter, but also as subjects. Hyman’s argument, however, is that the mechanisms by which human brains function and malfunction to produce the symptoms and impairments of mental illness are opaque to introspection and that the mechanistic understandings necessary for diagnosis and treatment are incommensurate with intuitive (folk psychological) human self-understanding. Thus, psychiatry does best when skillful clinicians switch between an objectifying medical and neurobiological stance and the interpersonal stance in which the clinician engages the patients as a subject. Attempts to integrate these incommensurate views of patients and their predicaments have historically produced incoherent explanations of psychopathology and have often led treatment astray. For example, privileging of folk psychological testimony, even when filtered through sophisticated theories has historically led psychiatry into intellectually blind and clinically ineffective cul-de-sacs such as psychoanalysis.

Immediate–early CMV gene regulation and function

2010 ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Stinski ◽  
Jeffery L. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation by Long Noncoding RNA

2013 ◽  
Vol 425 (19) ◽  
pp. 3723-3730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Hyun Yoon ◽  
Kotb Abdelmohsen ◽  
Myriam Gorospe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation

scholarly journals Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation by Spatial Rearrangement of the 3′ Untranslated Region

PLoS Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B Eberle ◽  
Lukas Stalder ◽  
Hansruedi Mathys ◽  
Rodolfo Zamudio Orozco ◽  
Oliver Mühlemann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation
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