scholarly journals Erratum: Corrigendum: Benefit-cost Trade-offs of Early Learning in Foraging Predatory Mites Amblyseius Swirskii

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga C. Christiansen ◽  
Sandra Szin ◽  
Peter Schausberger
Keyword(s):  
Early Learning ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Benefit Cost

scholarly journals Benefit-cost Trade-offs of Early Learning in Foraging Predatory Mites Amblyseius Swirskii

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga C. Christiansen ◽  
Sandra Szin ◽  
Peter Schausberger
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Juvenile Development

Abstract Learning is changed behavior following experience, and ubiquitous in animals including plant-inhabiting predatory mites (Phytoseiidae). Learning has many benefits but also incurs costs, which are only poorly understood. Here, we addressed learning, especially its costs, in the generalist predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii, a biocontrol agent of several herbivores, which can also survive on pollen. The goals of our research were (1) to scrutinize if A. swirskii is able to learn during early life in foraging contexts and, if so, (2) to determine the costs of early learning. In the experiments, we used one difficult-to-grasp prey, i.e., thrips, and one easy-to-grasp prey, i.e., spider mites. Our experiments show that A. swirskii is able to learn during early life. Adult predators attacked prey experienced early in life (i.e., matching prey) more quickly than they attacked unknown (i.e., non-matching) prey. Furthermore, we observed both fitness benefits and operating (physiological) costs of early learning. Predators receiving the matching prey produced the most eggs, whereas predators receiving the non-matching prey produced the least. Thrips-experienced predators needed the longest for juvenile development. Our findings may be used to enhance A. swirskii’s efficacy in biological control, by priming young predators on a specific prey early in life.

scholarly journals Transgenerational loss and recovery of early learning ability in foraging predatory mites

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marliza B. Reichert ◽  
Inga C. Christiansen ◽  
Michael Seiter ◽  
Peter Schausberger
Keyword(s):  
Early Learning ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Learning Ability

Concluding Thoughts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atish R. Ghosh ◽  
Jonathan D. Ostry ◽  
Mahvash S. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Liquidity Insurance ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Global Monetary System ◽  
Opening Up

This concluding chapter argues that the policy makers' vade mecum laid out in the previous chapter raises broader issues for the global monetary system. Notwithstanding the fact that some of the emerging markets may have liberalized their capital accounts prematurely, it questions whether emerging markets have further to gain from opening up, or indeed whether they would not be better off retaining restrictions on at least the riskiest forms of foreign liabilities and transactions. This is particularly pertinent since most of these countries do not enjoy the liquidity insurance provided by swap facilities let alone the reserve currency status. They are forced to self-insure through reserve accumulation, which is costly both to the country and to the international monetary system. Alternative forms of insurance could arguably yield favorable benefit–cost trade-offs, particularly if they result in a safer mix of flows that makes economies less prone to risks from changes in global push factors.

scholarly journals Intra-guild vs extra-guild prey: effect on predator fitness and preference of Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Buitenhuis ◽  
L. Shipp ◽  
C. Scott-Dupree
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
High Predation Rate

AbstractThe relationships between the predatory mites, Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and their prey, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were investigated to determine the effects of predation on intra-guild or extra-guild prey and predator preference. Life history characteristics of both predatory mites were measured when fed eggs and larvae of the other predator species and compared to data obtained when the predators were fed thrips larvae. In addition, choice tests were conducted to determine if the predators had a preference for different prey or if they were indiscriminate predators. Amblyseius swirskii appears to be an important intra-guild predator of N. cucumeris juveniles because of a high predation rate and a preference for N. cucumeris juveniles over thrips. Neoseiulus cucumeris is also an intra-guild predator of A. swirskii juveniles; however, it has a lower predation rate than A. swirskii. Contrary to intra-guild predation theory, intra-guild prey was an equally good or better food source than thrips (extra-guild prey) for both predators, based on high oviposition rates and fast development times. The results of this study indicate a high potential for negative interactions between A. swirskii and N. cucumeris when used together in biological control of thrips.

A decision framework for natural resource management: a case study using plant introductions

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessments ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Analytical Tools

One means of anticipating and, thus, preventing natural resource problems, such as those that may arise from plant introductions, is to use effective decision frameworks. This paper argues that such frameworks are typified by 4 elements. These are clear goals explicitly linked to cultural values, key questions that scope problems and management options, application of appropriate analytical tools, and the connection of authority for decisions with responsibility for outcomes. These elements are explored here. Trade offs are an inevitable part of decisions concerning natural resource management, including those relating to plant introductions. Benefit-cost and multi-criteria decision analyses are useful in this regard, but must be applied using methods that ensure all the relevant cultural values and management options are explored. Some recent proposals concerning the assessment of plant introductions do not always adequately frame decision issues. Ecological risk assessments can be used to define an acceptable level of risk concerning the negative impacts of introducing new biota, and, combined with an appropriate benefit-cost or multi-criteria analysis, provide the suite of analytical tools to make effective decisions concerning plant introductions. Effective decisions are more likely when the authority to make decisions and the responsibility for unforeseen outcomes are closely linked.

scholarly journals AGGRESSIVENESS AND PREDATION PREFERENCE OF PREDATORY MITES AMBLYSEIUS SWIRSKII (ATHIAS-HENRIOT), NEOSEIULUS CALIFORNICUS (MCGREGOR) AND PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS (ATHIAS-HENRIOT) (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) TOWARDS TO HETEROSPECIFIC LARVAE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Somayeh Haghani ◽  
Azadeh Zahedi Golpayegani ◽  
Alireza Saboori ◽  
Hossein Allahrari
Keyword(s):  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Behavioral characteristics such as aggressiveness and predation preference of the phytoseiid predatory species, Amblyseius swirskii, Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were investigated when applied together. We quantified the chance and time of a successful attack to a heterospecific larva as aggressiveness of adult females. In order to the determine the predation preference of adult females equal combination of con/heterospecific larvae were presented to as prey in absence of their main prey (Tetranychus urticae Koch) for 24 h. Experiments were carried out in growth chamber at 25±1 ºC, 65±5% RH and 16:8 (L: D) hour photoperiod regimens. The results showed that adult females of N. californicus needed 39.65±7.46 min. to attack and kill the larva of P. persimilis which was remarkably less than that recorded (227.80±28.38 min.) for adult females of P. persimilis to attack and kill N. californicus larva. N. californicus was estimated more aggressive than P. persimilis. The mean estimated attack time of A. swirskii and P. persimilis was estimated 18.55±2.89 and 201.70±25.42 min., respectively. A. swirskii was considered more aggressive than P. persimilis against heterospecific larvae. The predation preference index (Manly´s β) were indicated that N. californicus was able to recognize con/heterospecific larva, resulted more preference for heterospecific larvae (P. persimilis) in absence of T. urticae, while adult P. persimilis showed no preference (between con and heterospecific larva). Manly´s β, for A. swirskii was 0.706 and 0.294, for P. persimilis 0.369 and 0.630 on hetero and conspecific larvae, respectively. Results of this study showed that, A. swirskii and N. californicus are general predators were able to roecgnize con/heterospecific larva and preferred to feed on heterospecific larvae and get benefit from intraguild predation.

Washington State’s Highway Capital Construction Programming Process

1997 ◽  
Vol 1606 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance A. Neumann ◽  
Michael J. Markow ◽  
Eugene W. Schlatter ◽  
Randall A. Hain ◽  
Pat Morin
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Programming Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Washington State Department ◽  
Capital Construction ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Relationship Of

The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has traditionally been a leader in developing and applying a structured highway capital construction programming process. However, in 1990 it became clear that a new, emerging set of policy issues would confront WSDOT and the transportation commission, and changes to the capital programming process would be needed. Key objectives to be met included ( a) a strong, clear connection between the programming process and the emerging policy concerns; ( b) a strengthened ability to highlight and evaluate key trade-offs in funding projects; and ( c) incorporation of greater flexibility and accountability in recommending projects. A study sponsored by the state’s Legislative Transportation Committee in 1991 reviewed the existing process from both a technical and a policy perspective and recommended changes. A revised capital programming process was recommended to achieve the following: ( a) a more clearly defined capital program structure; ( b) clearer relationship of the programming process to policy goals and objectives; ( c) a more flexible process for allocating resources to competing requirements for funds, as well as greater coordination with other agencies and stakeholders; ( d) application of rational methods in ranking projects by priority, including the use of benefit-cost measures as appropriate; ( e) consideration of the full range of transportation solutions to a problem; and ( f) more complete and timely communication of policy objectives, resulting programs and projects, and performance measures. Enabling legislation was enacted in 1993, and WSDOT and the transportation commission have since implemented this new process.

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