scholarly journals Breeding system and spatial isolation from congeners strongly constrain seed set in an insect-pollinated apomictic tree: Sorbus subcuneata (Rosaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey J. Hamston ◽  
Robert J. Wilson ◽  
Natasha de Vere ◽  
Tim C. G. Rich ◽  
Jamie R. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Spatial Isolation

Pollination ecology of Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Gribel ◽  
John D. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Glossophaga Soricina ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Anoura Geoffroyi ◽  
Phyllostomus Discolor

ABSTRACTThe floral biology, breeding system and pollination of Caryocar brasiliense were studied in the cerrado vegetation of Central Brazil. The large, yellowish-cream, brush-like flowers are pollinated mainly by glossophagine bats (Glossophaga soricina and Anoura geoffroyi). Three non-glossophagine bats (Phyllostomus discolor, Vampyrops lineatus and Carollia perspicillata) and two short probosisced hawk moths (Erinyis ello and Pseudosphinx tetrio) may also act as occasional pollinators. Caryocar brasiliense is self-compatible although it sets significantly more fruits when crossed than when selfed. The natural fruit set (fruit/flower ratio) and seed set (seed/ovule ratio) are 3.1% and 1.0% respectively. Most of the fruits and seeds are formed through the action of the flower visitors, despite the fact that about 20% of the non-visited flowers receive self pollen on at least one stigma.

The Breeding Systems of Stylidium graminifolium and Stylidium productum (Stylidiaceae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Willis ◽  
JE Ash
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Pollination Experiments ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South West ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Close Relationship

The breeding systems of Stylidiurn grarninifolium and S. producturn (= S. grarninifoliurn var. caulescens) were studied by observing the phenology of individual flowers and inflorescences, and relating the data to a series of pollination experiments within and between the species. Inter-specific pollinations yielded similar levels of seed-set to crosses within the species indicating a close relationship between the taxa. Self-pollination of either species is uncommon; however, when it occurs, the majority of selfed ovules are aborted post-zygotically, probably by a system of recessive lethals, as there is no indication of an incompatibility system. It is concluded that the breeding systems of S. grarninifoliurn and S. productum, two of the few eastern Australian species, are similar to those of many Stylidiurn species from the south-west, casting doubt upon hypotheses that the breeding system has led to high rates of speciation in the south-west.

Pollination and Seed Set of Banksia spinulosa: Evidence for Autogamy

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Vaughton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The breeding system of Banksia spinulosa var. neoanglica in the New England National Park was examined by excluding pollen vectors and hand pollinating inflorescences. Fruit set of xenogamous and open inflorescences was greater than geitonogamous and autogamous treatments, although not all differences were significant. No differences were found in the number of seeds per follicle or seed weight between treatments. A reduced number of follicles and smaller seeds occurred in the apical third of inflorescences in all treatments. This report of autogamous seed set contrasts with previous findings for this species and indicates intra-specific variation in the breeding system.

Seed set and breeding system in the pepino Solanum muricatum Ait., Solanaceae

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Murray ◽  
K.R.W. Hammett ◽  
Fiona D.W. Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Solanum Muricatum

Fruit and seed set in Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum): influence of intraspecific factors and local enhancement near Pedicularis canadensis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence M. Laverty ◽  
R. C. Plowright
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Local Enhancement ◽  
Podophyllum Peltatum ◽  
Fruit And Seed Set ◽  
Pedicularis Canadensis ◽  
Experimental Crosses

The breeding system and determinants of fruit and seed production in a population of 114 patches of Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) were examined. Experimental crosses indicated that Mayapple patches are self-incompatible (clones) and that fruit and seed set were pollinator limited. Mayapple flowers are nectarless yet depend primarily on infrequent visits by nectar-searching bumblebees for pollination. The proportion of flowers setting fruit and ovules setting seed in Mayapple clones was inversely associated with the distance to neighboring clones and the distance to Pedicularis canadensis L. plants. Clones within 45 m of P. canadensis plants (which are heavily visited by bumblebees) showed significant increases in fruit and seed production compared with a similar group of more distant clones. This effect is interpreted as evidence for a facilitative interaction between Mayapple and P. canadensis.

Breeding System of Dryandra quercifolia and D. formosa (Proteaceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Matthews ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hand pollinations were used to investigate the timing of stigma receptivity and the breeding system of two commercial cut flower species, Dryandra quercifolia Meiss. and D. formosa R.Br. Stigmas of both species showed peak receptivity at 2–6 days post-anthesis, D. quercifolia was receptive immediately after anthesis while D. formosa showed little pollen tube germination until 2 days post-anthesis. Observation of fresh pistils with an environmental scanning electron microscope revealed the stigma of both species to be wet. For D. quercifolia, maximum groove dimensions and exudate area commenced at 3 days post-anthesis and continued until day 12. A different pattern was observed for D. formosa stigmas; maximum groove dimensions and exudate area were reached at 4 days post-anthesis and decreased thereafter. Both species showed overlap in the time of maximum observed pollen tube counts, groove openness and exudate area. These factors were consistently higher in D. quercifolia than in D. formosa. Exudate production was lower in pollinated than in unpollinated D. formosa stigmas. Pollen tube and seed set data indicate a mixed breeding system for both species, with self-pollination less favoured and often resulting in post-zygotic abortion of seeds. Dryandra formosa was more self-compatible than D. quercifolia.

scholarly journals Variation in the Breeding System of Prunella vulgaris L.

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luping Qu ◽  
Mark P. Widrlechner
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris ◽  
Selfed Seed ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae), commonly known as selfheal, is a perennial herb with a long history of use in traditional medicine. Recent studies have found that P. vulgaris possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, and it is likely that this will lead to increased commercial demand for this species. To date, research publications on P. vulgaris cultivation and genetics are scarce. Using accessions originally collected from different geographical regions, we investigated the breeding system of this species by observing variation in floral morphology, time of pollen release, and selfed-seed set in bagged flowers and isolated plants. Two types of floral morphology, one with exerted styles, extending past open corollas when viewed from above, and the other with shorter, inserted styles, were found among 30 accessions. Two accessions originally collected from Asia uniformly displayed exerted styles, and 27 accessions had inserted styles. One accession from Oregon displayed variation in this trait among individual plants. Microscopic observation of seven accessions, including ones with both exerted and inserted styles, revealed that they all release pollen to some degree before the flowers open. Using bagged flowers, we found that selfed-seed set varied widely among eight accessions, ranging from 6% to 94%. However, bagging may underestimate seed set for some accessions. The two accessions with the lowest rates when using bagged flowers increased in seed set by 350% and 158%, respectively, when we evaluated single, unbagged plants in isolation cages. The accession with 6% selfed-seed set when bagged also had exerted styles. These findings suggest that mating systems in P. vulgaris may be in the process of evolutionary change and that understanding breeding-system variation should be useful in developing efficient seed-regeneration protocols and breeding and selection strategies for this species.

scholarly journals Breeding system and pollen limitation in two supergeneralist alien plants invading Mediterranean shrublands

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignasi Bartomeus ◽  
Montserrat Vilà
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Mediterranean Shrublands ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Hybrid Introgression ◽  
Low Efficiency

Many widely known invasive plants are well integrated into native plant–pollinator networks. Typically, these invaders have entomophilous flowers which are visited by a diverse array of pollinators. The type of breeding system and the role that pollination services play in the reproductive success of invasive plants have, however, received little attention. We studied the breeding system and pollen limitation of two entomophilous invasive plants, Carpobrotus affine acinaciformis and Opuntia stricta, in different Mediterranean coastal localities in north-eastern Spain. Both species are, to some degree self-compatible; however, because of frequent visitation, open pollination increased the seed set in both species by at least 50%. Whereas O. stricta showed no pollen limitation, some populations of C. aff. acinaciformis had a lower seed set in open-pollinated flowers than in flowers where supplementary hand-pollination ensured out-crossing. This local pollen limitation in C. aff. acinaciformis could be due to the low efficiency of its visitors (mainly beetles) or its hybrid status. On the basis of previous studies on Carpobrotus sp. hybrid complexes, we suggest that the variability among sites in the seed set of open-pollinated flowers is caused by different degrees of hybrid introgression. Not withstanding, we found the C. aff. acinaciformis seed sets studied were higher than those reported in other regions. Further research is needed to assess the invasion potential of these hybrids in Mediterranean shrublands.

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