scholarly journals Virtual unrolling and deciphering of Herculaneum papyri by X-ray phase-contrast tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bukreeva ◽  
A. Mittone ◽  
A. Bravin ◽  
G. Festa ◽  
M. Alessandrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
Historical Manuscripts ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract A collection of more than 1800 carbonized papyri, discovered in the Roman ‘Villa dei Papiri’ at Herculaneum is the unique classical library survived from antiquity. These papyri were charred during 79 A.D. Vesuvius eruption, a circumstance which providentially preserved them until now. This magnificent collection contains an impressive amount of treatises by Greek philosophers and, especially, Philodemus of Gadara, an Epicurean thinker of 1st century BC. We read many portions of text hidden inside carbonized Herculaneum papyri using enhanced X-ray phase-contrast tomography non-destructive technique and a new set of numerical algorithms for ‘virtual-unrolling’. Our success lies in revealing the largest portion of Greek text ever detected so far inside unopened scrolls, with unprecedented spatial resolution and contrast, all without damaging these precious historical manuscripts. Parts of text have been decoded and the ‘voice’ of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus is brought back again after 2000 years from Herculaneum papyri.

scholarly journals X-ray phase-contrast tomography for high-spatial-resolution zebrafish muscle imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Vågberg ◽  
Daniel H. Larsson ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Anders Arner ◽  
Hans M. Hertz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

scholarly journals Visualization Ability of Phase-Contrast Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Imaging Using an X-Ray Interferometer in Soft Tissue Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110101
Author(s):  
Thet-Thet Lwin ◽  
Akio Yoneyama ◽  
Hiroko Maruyama ◽  
Tohoru Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
X Ray Computed

Phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer provides high sensitivity and high spatial resolution, and it has the ability to depict the fine morphological structures of biological soft tissues, including tumors. In this study, we quantitatively compared phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography images and images of histopathological hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of spontaneously occurring rat testicular tumors that contained different types of cells. The absolute densities measured on the phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography images correlated well with the densities of the nuclear chromatin in the histological images, thereby demonstrating the ability of phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer to reliably identify the characteristics of cancer cells within solid soft tissue tumors. In addition, 3-dimensional synchrotron-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography enables screening for different structures within tumors, such as solid, cystic, and fibrous tissues, and blood clots, from any direction and with a spatial resolution down to 26 μm. Thus, phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer shows potential for being useful in preclinical cancer research by providing the ability to depict the characteristics of tumor cells and by offering 3-dimensional information capabilities.

Investigation of Herculaneum Papyri by X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-324
Author(s):  
Inna Bukreeva ◽  
Graziano Ranocchia ◽  
Vincenzo Formoso ◽  
Michele Alessandrelli ◽  
Michela Fratini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

scholarly journals Morphological Evolution of Electrochemically Plated/Stripped Lithium Microstructures Investigated by Synchrotron X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography

ACS Nano ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 7990-7997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Sun ◽  
Lukas Zielke ◽  
Henning Markötter ◽  
André Hilger ◽  
Dong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

Large volume, non-destructive 3D analysis of low-density materials and interfaces with phase contrast X-ray microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (S2) ◽  
pp. 516-517
Author(s):  
J. Gelb ◽  
B. Hornberger ◽  
C. Holzner ◽  
A. Merkle ◽  
M. Feser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional virtual histology of human cerebellum by X-ray phase-contrast tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (27) ◽  
pp. 6940-6945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Töpperwien ◽  
Franziska van der Meer ◽  
Christine Stadelmann ◽  
Tim Salditt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Conventional Histology ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

To quantitatively evaluate brain tissue and its corresponding function, knowledge of the 3D cellular distribution is essential. The gold standard to obtain this information is histology, a destructive and labor-intensive technique where the specimen is sliced and examined under a light microscope, providing 3D information at nonisotropic resolution. To overcome the limitations of conventional histology, we use phase-contrast X-ray tomography with optimized optics, reconstruction, and image analysis, both at a dedicated synchrotron radiation endstation, which we have equipped with X-ray waveguide optics for coherence and wavefront filtering, and at a compact laboratory source. As a proof-of-concept demonstration we probe the 3D cytoarchitecture in millimeter-sized punches of unstained human cerebellum embedded in paraffin and show that isotropic subcellular resolution can be reached at both setups throughout the specimen. To enable a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed data, we demonstrate automatic cell segmentation and localization of over 1 million neurons within the cerebellar cortex. This allows for the analysis of the spatial organization and correlation of cells in all dimensions by borrowing concepts from condensed-matter physics, indicating a strong short-range order and local clustering of the cells in the granular layer. By quantification of 3D neuronal “packing,” we can hence shed light on how the human cerebellum accommodates 80% of the total neurons in the brain in only 10% of its volume. In addition, we show that the distribution of neighboring neurons in the granular layer is anisotropic with respect to the Purkinje cell dendrites.

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