scholarly journals Mechano-adaptive sensory mechanism of α-catenin under tension

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Maki ◽  
Sung-Woong Han ◽  
Yoshinori Hirano ◽  
Shigenobu Yonemura ◽  
Toshio Hakoshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Mechanism

Sensory mechanism modeling.

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Borah ◽  
Laurence R. Young ◽  
Renwick E. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Modeling ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

scholarly journals Substance P-Immunoreactive Neurons of the Bovine Forestomach Mucosa: Their Presumptive Role in a Sensory Mechanism.

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo KITAMURA ◽  
Junzo YAMADA ◽  
Yoshio YAMAMOTO ◽  
Tadayuki YAMASHITA
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

Age-related changes in afferent responses in sensory neurons to mechanical stimulation of osteoblasts in coculture system

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (5) ◽  
pp. C757-C765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Asada ◽  
Koji Obata ◽  
Kazuhide Horiguchi ◽  
Miyako Takaki
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
P2x Receptor ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Drg Neurons ◽  
Coculture System ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

Bone homeostasis is regulated by mechanical stimulation (MS). The sensory mechanism of bone tissue for MS remains unknown in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the sensory mechanism from osteoblasts to sensory neurons in a coculture system by MS of osteoblasts. Primary sensory neurons isolated from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of neonatal, juvenile, and adult mice and osteoblasts isolated from calvaria of neonatal mice were cocultured for 24 h. The responses in DRG neurons elicited by MS of osteoblasts with a glass micropipette were detected by increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with fluo 3-AM. In all developmental stages mice, [Ca2+]i-increasing responses in osteoblasts were promptly elicited by MS. After a short delay, [Ca2+]i-increasing responses were observed in neurites of DRG neurons. The osteoblastic response to second MS was largely attenuated by a stretch-activated Ca2+ channel blocker, gadolinium. The increases of [Ca2+]i in DRG neurons were abolished by a P2 receptor antagonist; suramin, a P2X receptor antagonist, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonate; and an ATP-hydrolyzing enzyme, apyrase. Satellite cells were found around DRG neurons in cocultured cells of only neonatal and juvenile mice. After satellite cells were removed, excessive abnormal responses to MS of osteoblasts were observed in neonatal neurites with unchanged osteoblast responses. The present study indicated that MS of bone tissue elicited afferent P2X receptor-mediated purinergic transmission to sensory neurons in all stages mice. This transmission is modulated by satellite cells, which may have protective actions on sensory neurons.

Regulation of PaCO2 and ventilation in humans inspiring low levels of CO2

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Forster ◽  
J. P. Klein ◽  
L. H. Hamilton ◽  
J. P. Kampine
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Apparent Reason ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Isocapnic Hyperpnea ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

This study was designed to determine whether 1) arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) increases when inspired PCO2 (PICO2) is increased from less than 0.4 Torr (eupnea) to 7 or 14 Torr, and 2) ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 (delta VE/ delta PaCO2) is greater at low levels of PICO2 (7–21 Torr) than it is at higher levels (28–42 Torr). Human subjects were studied while seated in an environmental chamber that permitted alteration of PICO2 by changing the chamber PCO2. In study 1, arterial blood was sampled over the final 5 min of a eupneic period and again 10–15 min later when PICO2 was 7 or 14 Torr. With this protocol, PACO2 was increased above eupnea by 0.7 (P less than 0.02) and 0.9 Torr (P less than 0.01) when PICO2 was 7 and 14 Torr, respectively. In study 2, arterial blood was sampled every 5 min during two 1-h periods of eupnea that were separated by 3 h during which PICO2 was increased by 7 Torr each 0.5 h. With this protocol there was no consistent difference in PACO2 between eupneic periods and periods when PICO2 was 7–14 Torr. There was a progressively increased hypercapnia as PICO2 was increased from 7 to 42 Torr. The delta VE/ delta PaCO2 was less than half for data obtained at low relative to high PICO2. The two studies demonstrated that measurement error and physiologic variation necessitate using a “powerful” experimental design (study 1) to detect small increases in PaCO2. On the basis of these results, we have concluded that there is no apparent reason to postulate a sensory mechanism other than the carotid and intracranial chemoreceptors to account for the hyperpnea during CO2 inhalation. Specifically, isocapnic hyperpnea probably does not occur.

Sensory orientation in Notophthalmus v. viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Hershey ◽  
Don C. Forester
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
Aquatic Habitat ◽  
Positive Orientation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Random Orientation ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Directional Orientation ◽  
Directional Accuracy ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

Adult red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus v. viridescens, were collected from an aquatic habitat and released on land in an arena 20 m from the shore of their home pond. Freshly captured, untreated newts exhibited significant orientation toward the pond. Positive orientation was also observed when solar cues and pondside landmarks were hidden and when animals were released at night. Pondward orientation persisted in eyeless newts and in newts with the pineal organ covered. Eyeless newts with covered pineals failed to orient toward the pond, although they did exhibit directional orientation. Anosmic newts exhibited random orientation. All sham-operated control groups oriented in the direction of the pond.Olfaction is implicated as the sensory mechanism most essential to home pond orientation. Photoreception is of secondary importance, apparently acting in conjunction with olfaction to refine the directional accuracy.

scholarly journals Tropic Responses of Phycomyces Sporangiophores to Gravitational and Centrifugal Stimuli

1961 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Centrifugal Forces ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Dense Fluid ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

A low-speed centrifuge was used to study the tropic responses of Phycomyces sporangiophores in darkness to the stimulus of combined gravitational and centrifugal forces. If this stimulus is constant the response is a relatively slow tropic reaction, which persists for up to 12 hours. The response is accelerated by increasing the magnitude of the gravitational-centrifugal force. A wholly different tropic response, the transient response, is elicited by an abrupt change in the gravitational-centrifugal stimulus. The transient response has a duration of only about 6 min. but is characterized by a high bending speed (about 5°/min.). An analysis of the distribution of the transient response along the growing zone shows that the active phase of the response has a distribution similar to that of the light sensitivity for the light-growth and phototropic responses. Experiments in which sporangiophores are centrifuged in an inert dense fluid indicate that the sensory mechanism of the transient response is closely related to the physical deformation of the growing zone caused by the action of the gravitational-centrifugal force on the sporangiophore as a whole. However, the response to a steady gravitational-centrifugal force is most likely not connected with this deformation, but is probably triggered by the shifting of regions or particles of differing density relative to one another inside the cell.

Effect of upper airway CO2 on breathing in awake ponies

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Forster ◽  
L. G. Pan ◽  
C. Flynn ◽  
G. E. Bisgard ◽  
R. E. Hoffer
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Cuffed Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Breathing Room ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

We determined whether the [CO2] in the upper airways (UA) can influence breathing in ponies and whether UA [CO2] contributes to the attenuation of a thermal tachypnea during periods of elevated inspired CO2. Six ponies were studied 1 mo after chronic tracheostomies were created. For one protocol the ponies were breathing room air through a cuffed endotracheal tube. Another smaller tube was placed in the tracheostomy and directed up the airway. By use of this tube, a pump, and prepared gas mixtures, UA [CO2] was altered without affecting alveolar or arterial PCO2. When the ponies were at a neutral environmental temperature (TA) and breathing frequency (f) was 8 breaths X min-1, increasing UA [CO2] up to 18–20% had no effect on f. However, when TA was increased 20 degrees C to increase f to 50 breaths X min-1, then increasing UA [CO2] to 6% or to 18–20% reduced f by 5 +/- 1.7 (SE) and 12 +/- 1.6 breaths X min-1, respectively (t = 3.3, P less than 0.01). These data suggest that in the pony there exists a UA CO2-H+ sensory mechanism. For a second protocol the ponies were breathing a 6% CO2 gas mixture for 15 min in the normal fashion over the entire airway (nares breathing, NBr) or they were breathing this gas mixture for 15 min through the cuffed endotracheal tube (TBr). At a neutral TA, increasing inspired [CO2] to 6% resulted in a 6-breaths X min-1 increase in f during both NBr and TBr.

scholarly journals The Structure and Mode of Life of the Pyramidellidae, Parasitic Opisthobranchs

1949 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Fretter ◽  
A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Water Current ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

The family Pyramidellidae contains a number of species of gastropod molluscs of similar structure and mode of life.The shell is calcareous and spirally wound and may be closed by an operculum. The foot bears a transverse fold anteriorly, the mentum (Fig. 1, MT), separating the opening of the penial sheath (PO) below from the mouth (M) above. It has a lateral glandular streak on each side (Fig. 2), presumably sensory.The head has ear-shaped tentacles (Fig. 1, T), richly innervated and with cilia setting up a strong water current, so that they constitute a powerful sensory mechanism. The eyes (E) lie between the tentacles.

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