Diminution of the gut resistome after a gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention in obese children

Abstract Background The association between the gut microbiota and pediatric obesity was analyzed in a cross-sectional study. A prospective study of obese children was conducted to assess the gut microbial alterations after a weight change. We collected fecal samples from obese children before and after a 2-month weight reduction program that consisted of individual counseling for nutritional education and physical activity, and we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Results Thirty-six participants, aged 7 to 18 years, were classified into the fat loss (n = 17) and the fat gain (n = 19) groups according to the change in total body fat (%) after the intervention. The baseline analysis of the gut microbiota in the preintervention stages showed dysbiotic features of both groups compared with those of normal-weight children. In the fat loss group, significantly decreased proportions of Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidia class, Bacteroidales order, Bacteroidaceae family, and Bacteroides genus, along with increased proportions of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, and Clostridiales order, were observed after intervention. The microbial richness was significantly reduced, without a change in beta diversity in the fat loss group. The fat gain group showed significantly deceased proportions of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, Clostridiales order, Lachnospiraceae family, and Eubacterium hallii group genus, without a change in diversity after the intervention. According to the functional metabolic analysis by the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2, the “Nitrate Reduction VI” and “Aspartate Superpathway” pathways were predicted to increase significantly in the fat loss group. The cooccurring networks of genera were constructed and showed the different microbes that drove the changes between the pre- and postintervention stages in the fat loss and fat gain groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that lifestyle modifications can impact the composition, richness, and predicted functional profiles of the gut microbiota in obese children after weight changes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03812497, registration date January 23, 2019, retrospectively registered.

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Effects of dietary intervention and strength training on blood lipid level in obese children

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/adc.86.6.407 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 407-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

R Y T Sung

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Lipid Level ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Blood Lipid Level ◽

Obese Children

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Abstract 14: An Anti-inflammatory Proton Sensing-receptor Contributes To Cardiovascular Protection Of Gut Microbiota-derived Metabolites

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Liang Xie ◽

Rikeish R Muralitharan ◽

Evany Dinakis ◽

Michael E Nakai ◽

Hamdi Jama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Direct Role ◽

Cardiovascular Protection ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Impact

High fibre (HF) diet protects against hypertension via the production of acidic metabolites, e.g. short-chain fatty acids, by the gut microbiota. While these metabolites have a direct role in blood pressure (BP) regulation, their acidic nature may activate proton-sensing receptors, which have anti-inflammatory functions. G-protein coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) is a proton-sensing receptor activated around pH 6.5 and is critical for gut homeostasis. We hypothesized that GPR65 is involved in the cardiovascular protection by dietary fibre. We first measured cecal pH of C57BL/6 (WT) mice after a 7-day dietary intervention with either HF or low fibre (LF) diets (n=6/group). HF diet lowered cecal pH to a level where GPR65 is highly activated, compared to the LF diet (6.5±0.1 vs 7.6±0.1, P<0.001). The impact of pH and GPR65 on T cell production of IFNγ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in vitro was measured by flow cytometry. Acidic pH inhibited the production of IFNγ by CD8+ T cells (pH 6.5 vs pH 7.5, P<0.001). Cells lacking GPR65 had higher IFNγ at both pH (P<0.001). To determine if GPR65 is involved in BP regulation by dietary fibre, WT and GPR65 knockout ( Gpr65 -/- ) mice were implanted with minipumps containing angiotensin II (Ang II, 0.5mg/kg/day, 28 days, n=8-9/group) and fed with HF diet. BP, cardiorenal function and immune cell infiltration were measured. Gpr65 -/- mice had higher BP compared to WT mice after 2 weeks (mean arterial pressure ± SEM; WT 79.8±2.4 vs Gpr65 -/- 95.8±1.6mmHg, P<0.001) and 4 weeks of Ang II infusion (WT 92.3±2.4 vs Gpr65 -/- 99.5±1.3, P=0.062). Gpr65 -/- mice developed cardiac (P=0.035) and renal (P=0.025) hypertrophy, and impaired renal natriuretic (P=0.054) and diuretic (P=0.056) function compared to WT mice. This was accompanied by higher macrophage (P=0.009) and γδ T cell (P=0.014) infiltration in the kidneys. In conclusion, our data suggest that pH-sensing by GPR65 contributes to the protection against hypertension by dietary fibre via inflammatory mechanisms. This is a novel mechanism that contributes to BP regulation via the gut microbiota.

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Corrigendum: Altered Gut Microbiota and Compositional Changes in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in Mexican Undernourished and Obese Children

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2018.02693 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eder Orlando Méndez-Salazar ◽

María Guadalupe Ortiz-López ◽

María de los Ángeles Granados-Silvestre ◽

Berenice Palacios-González ◽

Marta Menjivar

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Obese Children ◽

Compositional Changes

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Individualized Responses of Gut Microbiota to Dietary Intervention Modeled in Humanized Mice

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00098-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Samuel A. Smits ◽

Angela Marcobal ◽

Steven Higginbottom ◽

Justin L. Sonnenburg ◽

Purna C. Kashyap

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

And Function ◽

Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACT Dietary modification has long been used empirically to modify symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and a diverse group of diseases with gastrointestinal symptoms. There is both anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that individuals respond quite differently to similar dietary changes, and the highly individualized nature of the gut microbiota makes it a prime candidate for these differences. To overcome the typical confounding factors of human dietary interventions, here we employ ex-germfree mice colonized by microbiotas of three different humans to test how different microbiotas respond to a defined change in carbohydrate content of diet by measuring changes in microbiota composition and function using marker gene-based next-generation sequencing and metabolomics. Our findings suggest that the same diet has very different effects on each microbiota’s membership and function, which may in turn explain interindividual differences in response to a dietary ingredient. Diet plays an important role in shaping the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The microbes and microbial products in turn can influence various aspects of host physiology. One promising route to affect host function and restore health is by altering the gut microbiome using dietary intervention. The individuality of the microbiome may pose a significant challenge, so we sought to determine how different microbiotas respond to the same dietary intervention in a controlled setting. We modeled gut microbiotas from three healthy donors in germfree mice and defined compositional and functional alteration following a change in dietary microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). The three gut communities exhibited responses that differed markedly in magnitude and in the composition of microbiota-derived metabolites. Adjustments in community membership did not correspond to the magnitude of changes in the microbial metabolites, highlighting potential challenges in predicting functional responses from compositional data and the need to assess multiple microbiota parameters following dietary interventions. IMPORTANCE Dietary modification has long been used empirically to modify symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and a diverse group of diseases with gastrointestinal symptoms. There is both anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that individuals respond quite differently to similar dietary changes, and the highly individualized nature of the gut microbiota makes it a prime candidate for these differences. To overcome the typical confounding factors of human dietary interventions, here we employ ex-germfree mice colonized by microbiotas of three different humans to test how different microbiotas respond to a defined change in carbohydrate content of diet by measuring changes in microbiota composition and function using marker gene-based next-generation sequencing and metabolomics. Our findings suggest that the same diet has very different effects on each microbiota’s membership and function, which may in turn explain interindividual differences in response to a dietary ingredient. Author Video: An author video summary of this article is available.

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The Effect of White Rice and White Bread as Staple Foods on Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10091323 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1323 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fumika Mano ◽

Kaori Ikeda ◽

Erina Joo ◽

Yoshihito Fujita ◽

Shunsuke Yamane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

White Bread ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

White Rice ◽

Staple Foods ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Side Dishes

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two kinds of major Japanese staple foods, white rice and white bread, on gut microbiota against the background in which participants eat common side dishes. Seven healthy subjects completed the dietary intervention with two 1-week test periods with a 1-week wash-out period in cross-over design (UMIN registration UMIN000023142). White bread or white rice and 21 frozen prepared side dishes were consumed during the test periods. At baseline and at the end of each period, fasting blood samples, breath samples, and fecal samples were collected. For fecal samples, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota. After the bread period, the abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium genus (19.2 ± 14.5 vs. 6.2 ± 6.6 (%), p = 0.03), fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (13.6 ± 2.0 vs. 10.5 ± 2.9 (pg/mL), p = 0.03), and breath hydrogen (23.4 ± 9.9 vs. 8.2 ± 5.5 (ppm), p = 0.02) were significantly higher than those of after the rice period. Plasma SCFAs also tended to be higher after the bread period. White bread contains more dietary fiber than refined short grain rice. These findings suggest that indigestible carbohydrate intake from short grain rice as a staple food may be smaller than that of white bread.

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Altered Gut Microbiota and Compositional Changes in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in Mexican Undernourished and Obese Children

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2018.02494 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Eder Orlando Méndez-Salazar ◽

María Guadalupe Ortiz-López ◽

María de los Ángeles Granados-Silvestre ◽

Berenice Palacios-González ◽

Marta Menjivar

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Obese Children ◽

Compositional Changes

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Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries

Gut ◽

10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1218-1228 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Tarini Shankar Ghosh ◽

Simone Rampelli ◽

Ian B Jeffery ◽

Aurelia Santoro ◽

Marta Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

European Countries ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Interleukin 17 ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

Short Branch ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Before And After

ObjectiveAgeing is accompanied by deterioration of multiple bodily functions and inflammation, which collectively contribute to frailty. We and others have shown that frailty co-varies with alterations in the gut microbiota in a manner accelerated by consumption of a restricted diversity diet. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is associated with health. In the NU-AGE project, we investigated if a 1-year MedDiet intervention could alter the gut microbiota and reduce frailty.DesignWe profiled the gut microbiota in 612 non-frail or pre-frail subjects across five European countries (UK, France, Netherlands, Italy and Poland) before and after the administration of a 12-month long MedDiet intervention tailored to elderly subjects (NU-AGE diet).ResultsAdherence to the diet was associated with specific microbiome alterations. Taxa enriched by adherence to the diet were positively associated with several markers of lower frailty and improved cognitive function, and negatively associated with inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein and interleukin-17. Analysis of the inferred microbial metabolite profiles indicated that the diet-modulated microbiome change was associated with an increase in short/branch chained fatty acid production and lower production of secondary bile acids, p-cresols, ethanol and carbon dioxide. Microbiome ecosystem network analysis showed that the bacterial taxa that responded positively to the MedDiet intervention occupy keystone interaction positions, whereas frailty-associated taxa are peripheral in the networks.ConclusionCollectively, our findings support the feasibility of improving the habitual diet to modulate the gut microbiota which in turn has the potential to promote healthier ageing.

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Targeting the perinatal diet to modulate the gut microbiota increases dietary variety and prebiotic and probiotic food intakes: results from a randomised controlled trial

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020003511 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Samantha L Dawson ◽

Mohammadreza Mohebbi ◽

Jeffrey M Craig ◽

Phillip Dawson ◽

Gerard Clarke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Dietary Variety ◽

Probiotic Food ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that a perinatal educational dietary intervention focused on ‘eating for the gut microbiota’ improves diet quality of pregnant women pre- and postnatally. Design: The Healthy Parents, Healthy Kids study is a prospectively registered randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a dietary intervention in altering the maternal and infant gut microbiota and improving perinatal diet quality. Eligible pregnant women were randomised to receive dietary advice from their healthcare provider or to additionally receive a three session dietary intervention. Dietary data were collected at gestation weeks 26, 31, 36 and postnatal week 4. Outcome measures were diet quality, dietary variety, prebiotic and probiotic food intakes, energy, fibre, saturated fat and discretionary food intakes. Between-group differential changes from baseline before and after birth in these dietary measures were assessed using generalised estimating equations. Setting: Melbourne, Australia. Participants: Healthy pregnant women from gestation week 26. Results: Forty-five women were randomised (twenty-two control, twenty-three intervention). Compared with the control group, the intervention group improved diet quality prior to birth (5·66 (95 % CI 1·65, 9·67), Cohen’s d: 0·82 (se 0·33)). The intervention improved dietary variety (1·05 (95 % CI 0·17, 1·94), d: 0·66 (se 0·32)) and increased intakes of prebiotic (0·8 (95 % CI 0·27, 1·33), d: 0·91 (se 0·33)) and probiotic foods (1·05 (95 % CI 0·57, 1·53), d: 1·3(se 0·35)) over the whole study period compared with the control group. Conclusion: A dietary intervention focused on ‘eating for the gut microbiota’ can improve aspects of perinatal diet quality during and after pregnancy.

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