scholarly journals Highly efficient optogenetic cell ablation in C. elegans using membrane-targeted miniSOG

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhong Xu ◽  
Andrew D. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
C Elegans ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Cell Ablation

scholarly journals Control of Vulval Competence and Centering in the Nematode Oscheius sp. 1 CEW1

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Louvet-Vallée ◽  
Irina Kolotuev ◽  
Benjamin Podbilewicz ◽  
Marie-Anne Félix
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
P Cells ◽  
Large Category ◽  
Group 1

Abstract To compare vulva development mechanisms in the nematode Oscheius sp. 1 to those known in Caenorhabditis elegans, we performed a genetic screen for vulva mutants in Oscheius sp. 1 CEW1. Here we present one large category of mutations that we call cov, which affect the specification of the Pn.p ventral epidermal cells along the antero-posterior axis. The Pn.p cells are numbered from 1 to 12 from anterior to posterior. In wild-type Oscheius sp. 1 CEW1, the P(4-8).p cells are competent to form the vulva and the progeny of P(5-7).p actually form the vulva, with the descendants of P6.p adopting a central vulval fate. Among the 17 mutations (defining 13 genes) that we characterize here, group 1 mutations completely or partially abolish P(4-8).p competence, and this correlates with early fusion of the Pn.p cells to the epidermal syncytium. In this group, we found a putative null mutation in the lin-39 HOM-C homolog, the associated phenotype of which could be weakly mimicked by injection of a morpholino against Osp1-lin-39 in the mother’s germ line. Using cell ablation in a partially penetrant competence mutant, we show that vulval competence is partially controlled by a gonadal signal. Most other mutants found in the screen display phenotypes unknown in C. elegans. Group 2 mutants show a partial penetrance of Pn.p competence loss and an abnormal centering of the vulva on P5.p, suggesting that these two processes are coregulated by the same pathway in Oscheius sp. 1. Group 3 mutants display an enlarged competence group that includes P3.p, thus demonstrating the existence of a specific mechanism inhibiting P3.p competence. Group 4 mutants display an abnormal centering of the vulval pattern on P7.p and suggest that a specific mechanism centers the vulval pattern on a single Pn.p cell.

Structure, function, and expression of SEL-1, a negative regulator of LIN-12 and GLP-1 in C. elegans

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grant ◽  
I. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Yeast Gene ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Punctate Staining

Previous work indicated that sel-1 functions as a negative regulator of lin-12 activity, and predicted that SEL-1 is a secreted or membrane associated protein. In this study, we describe cell ablation experiments that suggest sel-1 mutations elevate lin-12 activity cell autonomously. We also use transgenic approaches to demonstrate that the predicted signal sequence of SEL-1 can direct secretion and is important for function, while a C-terminal hydrophobic region is not required for SEL-1 function. In addition, by analyzing SEL-1 localization using specific antisera we find that SEL-1 is localized intracellularly, with a punctate staining pattern suggestive of membrane bound vesicles. We incorporate these observations, and new information about a related yeast gene, into a proposal for a possible mechanism for SEL-1 function in LIN-12 turnover.

Highly efficient microfluidic sorting device for synchronizing developmental stages of C. elegans based on deflecting electrotaxis

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2513-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xixian Wang ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Anle Ge ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Microfluidic Sorting

We propose a PDMS–agarose hybrid microfluidic chip for simultaneous sorting of all the different stages of C. elegans.

scholarly journals Excitatory motor neurons are local oscillators for backward locomotion

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangbang Gao ◽  
Sihui Asuka Guan ◽  
Anthony D Fouad ◽  
Jun Meng ◽  
Taizo Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Chemical Synapse ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Descending Interneurons

Cell- or network-driven oscillators underlie motor rhythmicity. The identity of C. elegans oscillators remains unknown. Through cell ablation, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging, we show: (1) forward and backward locomotion is driven by different oscillators; (2) the cholinergic and excitatory A-class motor neurons exhibit intrinsic and oscillatory activity that is sufficient to drive backward locomotion in the absence of premotor interneurons; (3) the UNC-2 P/Q/N high-voltage-activated calcium current underlies A motor neuron’s oscillation; (4) descending premotor interneurons AVA, via an evolutionarily conserved, mixed gap junction and chemical synapse configuration, exert state-dependent inhibition and potentiation of A motor neuron’s intrinsic activity to regulate backward locomotion. Thus, motor neurons themselves derive rhythms, which are dually regulated by the descending interneurons to control the reversal motor state. These and previous findings exemplify compression: essential circuit properties are conserved but executed by fewer numbers and layers of neurons in a small locomotor network.

scholarly journals Highly efficient RNAi and Cas9-based auto-cloning systems for C. elegans research

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. e105-e105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Sturm ◽  
Éva Saskői ◽  
Kovács Tibor ◽  
Nóra Weinhardt ◽  
Tibor Vellai
Keyword(s):  
C Elegans ◽  
Highly Efficient

scholarly journals Symmetry breakage in the development of one-armed gonads in nematodes

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Felix ◽  
P.W. Sternberg
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Tip Cell ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Intercellular Signalling ◽  
Anchor Cell ◽  
Hermaphrodite Gonad ◽  
Symmetry Breakage

Whereas the hermaphrodite gonad of Caenorhabditis elegans has two symmetric arms (didelphy), the female/hermaphrodite gonad of many nematode species features a single anterior arm (monodelphy). We examined how gonadal cell lineages and intercellular signalling evolve to generate these diverse structures. In C. elegans, the two arms develop symmetrically from two somatic precursor cells, Z1 (anterior) and Z4 (posterior). Each first gives rise to one distal tip cell (which promotes arm growth and germ line proliferation), two ovary precursors and three uterine precursors in the center of the developing gonad. In monodelphic species, Z1 and Z4 have different fates. The first visible asymmetry between them is in the relative timing of their divisions, followed by asymmetric cell movements. The putative posterior distal tip cell is then eliminated in all but one species by programmed cell death. In some species the posterior ovary precursors form a small vestigial posterior arm, the post-vulval sac; in other species, they stay undivided, or die. In Cephalobus sp. PS1197, the specific fate of Z4 progeny is induced by Z1 (or its daughters). In the uterus in C. elegans, symmetric lateral signalling between Z1.ppp and Z4.aaa renders them equally likely to become the anchor cell, which links the uterus to the vulva. In the different monodelphic species, anchor cell specification is biased, or fully fixed, to a descendant of either Z1 or Z4. Replacement regulation upon anchor cell ablation is conserved in some species, but lost in others, leading to a mosaic-type development. Differentiation between Z1 and Z4 is thus manifested at this later stage in the breakage of symmetry of cell interactions in the ventral uterus.

scholarly journals Myotactin, a Novel Hypodermal Protein Involved in Muscle–Cell Adhesion inCaenorhabditis elegans

1999 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Coutu Hresko ◽  
Lawrence A. Schriefer ◽  
Paresh Shrimankar ◽  
Robert H. Waterston
Keyword(s):  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Unique Sequence ◽  
Contractile Apparatus ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii ◽  
Muscle Contractile ◽  
Fibronectin Type

In C. elegans, assembly of hypodermal hemidesmosome-like structures called fibrous organelles is temporally and spatially coordinated with the assembly of the muscle contractile apparatus, suggesting that signals are exchanged between these cell types to position fibrous organelles correctly. Myotactin, a protein recognized by monoclonal antibody MH46, is a candidate for such a signaling molecule. The antigen, although expressed by hypodermis, first reflects the pattern of muscle elements and only later reflects the pattern of fibrous organelles. Confocal microscopy shows that in adult worms myotactin and fibrous organelles show coincident localization. Further, cell ablation studies show the bodywall muscle cells are necessary for normal myotactin distribution. To investigate myotactin's role in muscle-hypodermal signaling, we characterized the myotactin locus molecularly and genetically. Myotactin is a novel transmembrane protein of ∼500 kd. The extracellular domain contains at least 32 fibronectin type III repeats and the cytoplasmic domain contains unique sequence. In mutants lacking myotactin, muscle cells detach when embryonic muscle contraction begins. Later in development, fibrous organelles become delocalized and are not restricted to regions of the hypodermis previously contacted by muscle. These results suggest myotactin helps maintain the association between the muscle contractile apparatus and hypodermal fibrous organelles.

scholarly journals Excitatory Motor Neurons are Local Central Pattern Generators in an Anatomically Compressed Motor Circuit for Reverse Locomotion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangbang Gao ◽  
Sihui Asuka Guan ◽  
Anthony D. Fouad ◽  
Jun Meng ◽  
Taizo Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Class A ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Pattern Generators

AbstractCentral pattern generators are cell‐ or network-driven oscillators that underlie motor rhythmicity. The existence and identity of C. elegans CPGs remain unknown. Through cell ablation, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging, we identified oscillators for reverse locomotion. We show that the cholinergic and excitatory class A motor neurons exhibit intrinsic and oscillatory activity, and such an activity can drive reverse locomotion without premotor interneurons. Regulation of their oscillatory activity, either through effecting an endogenous constituent of oscillation, the P/Q/N high voltage-activated calcium channel UNC-2, or, via dual regulation – inhibition and activation ‐ by the descending premotor interneurons AVA, determines the propensity, velocity, and sustention of reverse locomotion. Thus, the reversal motor executors themselves serve as oscillators; regulation of their intrinsic activity controls the reversal motor state. These findings exemplify anatomic and functional compression: motor executors integrate the role of rhythm generation in a locomotor network that is constrained by small cell numbers.

scholarly journals Pyridinium-substituted tetraphenylethylene salt-based photosensitizers by varying counter anions: a highly efficient photodynamic therapy for cancer cell ablation and bacterial inactivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 5234-5244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Lingyun Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Hao Tang ◽  
Derong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy Of Cancer

A highly efficient photodynamic therapy of cancer cell ablation and bacterial inactivation by two AIEgens was reported.

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