scholarly journals Alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk factors: A Mendelian randomisation study

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonsu Cho ◽  
So-Youn Shin ◽  
Sungho Won ◽  
Caroline L Relton ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation

Abstract Mendelian randomisation studies from Asia suggest detrimental influences of alcohol on cardiovascular risk factors, but such associations are observed mainly in men. The absence of associations of genetic variants (e.g. rs671 in ALDH2) with such risk factors in women – who drank little in these populations – provides evidence that the observations are not due to genetic pleiotropy. Here, we present a Mendelian randomisation study in a South Korean population (3,365 men and 3,787 women) that 1) provides robust evidence that alcohol consumption adversely affects several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure, waist to hip ratio, fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels. Alcohol also increases HDL cholesterol and lowers LDL cholesterol. Our study also 2) replicates sex differences in associations which suggests pleiotropy does not underlie the associations, 3) provides further evidence that association is not due to pleiotropy by showing null effects in male non-drinkers and 4) illustrates a way to measure population-level association where alcohol intake is stratified by sex. In conclusion, population-level instrumental variable estimation (utilizing interaction of rs671 in ALDH2 and sex as an instrument) strengthens causal inference regarding the largely adverse influence of alcohol intake on cardiovascular health in an Asian population.

scholarly journals Thirty Years of Epidemiological Studies of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Latvia: Why are they Needed?

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Pēteris Apinis ◽  
Vilnis Dzērve ◽  
Anda Čakša ◽  
Iveta Bajāre ◽  
Andrejs Ērglis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Standard Population

Abstract The present review is designed to provide insight into population-based investigations of cardiovascular risk factors in Latvia. Most of them represent urban, rural and mixed populations. The results are age-standardised using the European Standard Population. All of the studies confirm a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors with wide differences across the studies. The differences are not consistent or regular and some of the underlying reasons are discussed. Analysis of the previous studies justifies the need for a nationwide cross-sectional epidemiological study, which in a small country can be carried out in compliance with all the requirements for a population-based epidemiological study.

scholarly journals Associations of Pregnancy Complications With Calculated Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle Age

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Scott M. Nelson ◽  
Corrie Macdonald-Wallis ◽  
Lynne Cherry ◽  
Elaine Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

scholarly journals Erratum: Corrigendum: Alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk factors: A Mendelian randomisation study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonsu Cho ◽  
So-Youn Shin ◽  
Sungho Won ◽  
Caroline L Relton ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation

Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Physical Performance and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Pilot and Feasibility Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jiao Cheng ◽  
Xin-Ju Zhao ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Ming-Cheng Xu ◽  
Ying-Chun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Intradialytic Exercise

Introduction: Although intradialytic exercise is considered a form of “nonpharmacological medicine” for patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), this practice has not been widely implemented in most dialysis centers because of clinical limitations. We, therefore, aimed to design an intradialytic exercise training program to improve the implementation of this practice and determine its impact on physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors in patients receiving MHD. Methods: A total of 132 MHD patients at 4 outpatient dialysis units were enrolled and assigned randomly into exercise (n = 67) and control groups (n = 65). During a 2-year period, patients in the exercise group participated in 20-min exercise training sessions within dialysis sessions on 3 days per week. All patients underwent assessments of physical function (6-min walk test) and cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure [BP], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], albumin [Alb], hemoglobin [Hb], and erythropoietin [EPO] dose) at the baseline and annually thereafter. Results: Of the participants, 50.8% had completed the study after 2 years. No statistically significant intragroup or intergroup differences were observed in the measures of 6MD, BP, TC, hsCRP, Alb, Hb, and EPO dose. Conclusion: The results suggest that although this low-intensity, nonprogressive intradialytic exercise program may be practical, it was not sufficient to improve physiological function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients receiving MHD.

scholarly journals Association between resistin, adiponectin and leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese school children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Matsudaira ◽  
Hironari Sano ◽  
Yumi Miyashita ◽  
Naoko Tajima ◽  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Abstract Background It is not clear whether resistin, adiponectin and leptin are as closely associated with cardiovascular disease risk in childhood as in adulthood. Methods A survey was performed on elementary school 4 th graders aged 9 to 10 years in Ina-machi, Saitama, Japan to investigate whether resistin, adiponectin and leptin in these children might be associated with cardiovascular risk factors (atherosclerosis index: AI, waist-to-height ratio: W/H ratio, body mass index: BMI), and how the presence of obesity might affect their association. Results A total of 204 boys and 176 girls participated in the survey. Leptin and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio) were significantly correlated with the cardiovascular risk factors except AI, and adiponectin was shown to be negatively correlated with all the cardiovascular risk factors examined in the entire study population. While the serum resistin concentration was not found to be significantly different among the boys and girls with or without obesity, the resistin-to-adiponectin ratio (R/A ratio) was found to be significantly different between the obese and non-obese boys but not between the obese and non-obese girls. Among the obese boys, there was a significant correlation between resistin and AI and between the R/A ratio and the cardiovascular risk factors, neither of which was noted among the entire boy population or the non-obese boys. Whereas the R/A ratio was significantly correlated with all the cardiovascular risk factors only in the obese boys. (AI: 0.426, p<0.05, Waist Circumference: 0.545, p<0.01, W/Hr: 0.562, p<0.01, BMI: 0.401, p<0.05) Conclusions Our study findings suggest that school children with high leptin and/or low adiponectin levels are placed at higher cardiovascular risk, regardless of gender. It was also suggested that among boys with obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor, cardiovascular risk was higher in those with high leptin and/or low adiponectin levels, regardless of gender. Furthermore, the findings suggest that resistin is elevated and adiponectin is decreased in obese boys who are placed at higher cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Screen time, physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gustavo Bergmann ◽  
Rafael Miranda Tassitano ◽  
Mauren Lúcia de Araújo Bergmann ◽  
Maria Cecília Marinho Tenório ◽  
Jorge Mota
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Different Types

The aim of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations of physical activity and different types of screen time in cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. e sample was comprised for 1,045 adolescents (51.7% female) aged 11-17 years old randomly selected. Screen time was considered by the self-related electronic devices such as time watching TV, using computer (PC) and playing videogame (VG). Physical activity was estimated by the number of steps per day (steps/ day) measured by pedometers. Cardiovascular risk factors were sum of triceps and subscapular skin- folds (∑SF), total cholesterol (TC) and blood pressure (BP). Predictors and outcome variables were dichotomized using standardized cut o points. Categories of steps/day and different types of screen time were cross tabulated to the combined analyses. A set of sociodemographic variables was used as confounders. To test the independent and combined associations Chi-square tests (unadjusted) and binary logistic regression (adjusted) were used. TV time was directly and independently associated to ∑SF in females and to TC in males. Steps/day was inversely and independently associated to TC and to BP (not in female). Overall, combined analyses showed that adolescents who did not meet recommendations of steps/day and exposure an excessive screen time are more likely to present cardiovascular risk factor. Public health programs to increase physical activity and reduce screen time, especially TV time, should be developed to improve and prevent cardiovascular health in adolescents.

scholarly journals Association of low-carbohydrate diet score with overweight, obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a cross-sectional study in Iranian women

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Soudeh Jafari-Maram ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Neil R. Brett ◽  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Leila Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Diet Score

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the association of low-carbohydrate-diet score with overweight, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian women. Methods: In healthy Iranian women 20-50 years, demographics, anthropometrics, physical activity, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, and dietary intake (using a validated food frequency questionnaire) were assessed. Participants were divided into deciles of macronutrient intakes. Women in the lowest decile of carbohydrate intake received a score of 9 and women in the highest decile received a score of 0. For protein and fat intakes, women in the lowest decile received a score of 0 for that macronutrient and those in the highest decile received the score of 9. Macronutrient scores were summed to create the low-carbohydrate diet score and women were grouped into tertiles based on these scores. Continuous and qualitative variables were compared among the low-carbohydrate-diet score by one-way ANOVA and chi-square test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of low-carbohydrate-diet score and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: A total of 209 women were included in the study. Socioeconomic status significantly increased from tertile 1 to 3 of the low-carbohydrate diet score (P = 0.02). Total dietary glycemic index (GI) significantly differed among tertiles (tertile 1 GI: 63.1 ±0.50, tertile 2 GI: 61.9 ± 0.5, tertile 3 GI: 59.5 ± 0.5; P < 0.001). The odds ratios for overweight, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly different among the tertiles of low-carbohydrate diet score. Conclusion: In Iranian women, diets lower in carbohydrate and higher in protein and fat were not associated with overweight, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.

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