scholarly journals Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and learning relative to an isocaloric glucose diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Rendeiro ◽  
Ashley M. Masnik ◽  
Jonathan G. Mun ◽  
Kristy Du ◽  
Diana Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis

scholarly journals Anthropometric Variables as Mediators of the Association of Changes in Diet and Physical Activity With Inflammatory Profile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes ◽  
Camille Lassale ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
María Grau ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Abstract Background Mechanisms underlying the associations of high levels of physical activity (PA) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with a better inflammatory profile remain unclear. Our objective was to assess the mediating role of changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as markers of body fat in the association of changes in PA and adherence to the MedDiet, with changes in the inflammatory profile. Method This study included 489 adults, aged 55–75 years, from the PREDIMED-Plus multicenter lifestyle intervention trial. An inflammatory score was calculated, based on 8 blood biomarkers: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 18, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, C-peptide, leptin, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell–expressed and secreted chemokine. Biomarkers, levels of PA, score of MedDiet adherence, BMI, and WC were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Linear regression models were fitted according to the Baron and Kenny framework for mediation analysis. Results Changes in BMI and WC mediated the association of both changes in PA and changes in the MedDiet adherence with the inflammatory score. Body mass index mediated 26% of the association of changes in total PA with the inflammatory profile, and 27% of the association of changes in the MedDiet, while WC mediated 13% and 12% of these associations, respectively. Conclusion In older adults at high cardiovascular risk, increasing PA levels and adherence to a MedDiet during 1 year were associated with a lower inflammatory score, which was partly mediated by a reduction in body fat. Clinical Trials Registration Number International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN89898870; registration date July 24, 2014, retrospectively registered.

Abstract P073: Insufficient and Poor Sleep are Associated with Barriers to Healthy Eating and Lower Physical Activity: Baseline Characteristics of the EMPOWER Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E Kline ◽  
Patrick J Strollo ◽  
Eileen R Chasens ◽  
Bonny Rockette-Wagner ◽  
Andrea Kriska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Body Habitus ◽  
Overweight Adults

Background: Sleep is emerging as an important factor that impacts dietary habits, physical activity, and metabolism. However, minimal attention is typically given to sleep in traditional lifestyle interventions. The purpose of these analyses was to examine baseline associations between sleep and physical activity and perceived barriers to healthy eating, which are two common lifestyle intervention targets, in a sample of apparently healthy adults enrolled in a behavioral weight loss intervention study. Methods: 150 overweight adults (51.1±10.2 y; 91% female; 79% Caucasian) participated in a 12-month lifestyle intervention that featured adaptive ecological momentary assessment. Sleep, physical activity, barriers to healthy eating and body habitus/composition were assessed prior to the intervention. Objective sleep was estimated with 7 days of wrist-worn actigraphy (Philips Actiwatch 2); sleep onset latency (SOL; the amount of time it takes to fall asleep after going to bed), sleep efficiency (SE; the percentage of time in bed that is spent asleep), and total sleep time (TST; total time spent asleep) served as the primary actigraphic sleep variables. Subjective sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Physical activity was assessed with 7 days of waist-worn accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3x). Perceived barriers to healthy eating were assessed with the Barriers to Healthy Eating questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) served as the measure of body habitus, and body fat was assessed with bioelectrical impedance. Results: Mean BMI and body fat for the sample were 34.0±4.6 kg/m2 and 43.7±5.5%, respectively. Mean TST was 6.6±0.8 h/night; approximately 23% of the sample averaged less than 6 hours of sleep. Mean SOL and SE for the sample were 15.3±16.2 min and 85.7±6.1%, respectively. Based on the PSQI, 52.0% of the sample had poor sleep quality. Following adjustment for age, sex, and race, longer SOL was associated with fewer steps/day (β=-.19, p=.02) and less time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; β=-.16, p=.03), and lower SE was related to less MVPA (β=.15, p=.04). Shorter TST was associated with greater barriers to healthy eating (β=-.16, p=.05). Longer SOL was associated with higher BMI (β=.16, p=.05) and body fat % (β=.15, p=.03), and lower SE was related to higher body fat % (β=-.13, p=.06). Conclusions: Short sleep duration and sleep disturbance were highly prevalent in this sample of overweight adults. Significant associations were observed between sleep and measures of body habitus/composition and eating and physical activity habits. Efforts to improve sleep during a behavioral intervention for weight loss may reduce barriers to healthy eating and improve physical activity habits as well as weight loss outcomes.

Examining the Relationship Between Physical Activity Intensity and Adiposity in Young Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Bailey ◽  
Pamela Borup ◽  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Jacob Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Bod Pod ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
The Relationship

Background:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between intensity of physical activity (PA) and body composition in 343 young women.Methods:Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers worn for 7 days in women 17 to 25 years. Body composition was assessed using the BOD POD.Results:Young women who spent less than 30 minutes a week performing vigorous PA had significantly higher body fat percentages than women who performed more than 30 minutes of vigorous PA per week (F = 4.54, P = .0113). Young women who spent less than 30 minutes per day in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) had significantly higher body fat percentages than those who obtained more than 30 minutes per day of MVPA (F = 7.47, P = .0066). Accumulating more than 90 minutes of MVPA per day was associated with the lowest percent body fat. For every 10 minutes spent in MVPA per day, the odds of having a body fat percentage above 32% decreased by 29% (P = .0002).Conclusion:Vigorous PA and MVPA are associated with lower adiposity. Young women should be encouraged to accumulate at least 30 minutes of MVPA per day, however getting more than 90 minutes a day is predictive of even lower levels of adiposity.

Interrelationships Among Motor Coordination, Body Fat, and Physical Activity in Adolescent Boys

Motor Control ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-303
Author(s):  
Daniel das Virgens Chagas ◽  
Luiz Alberto Batista
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Adolescent Boys

scholarly journals Simultaneous presence of excess weight and insufficient hours of sleep in adolescents: prevalence and related factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Tiago Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Gabriel Renaldo de Sousa ◽  
João Antônio Chula de Castro ◽  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
School Based

Introduction: An increase in excess body fat and a decrease in the number of hours of sleep per day are health problems affecting the paediatric population. Objective: To estimate the combined prevalence of overweight and insufficient sleep/day in adolescents, and the association with sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with 1,132 participants from 14 to 19 years old in São José, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Body fat was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and classified by the Z-score, while adolescents reported the total hours of sleep/day. Sociodemographic data, physical activity and sedentary behaviour were collected by self-filled questionnaire. Results: The simultaneous prevalence of overweight and insufficient sleep/day was 17.5%. The factors associated with this condition were to meet the recommendations of the practice of physical activity per week, participate in gym class twice/week and period greater/equal to four hours/day in front of the screen. Conclusion: Guidelines in the school environment in relation to health problems posed by weight excess and the amount of insufficient hours sleep can be present when recommendations on physical activity and sedentary behaviour are given to students.

The Relationship of Physical Activity and Percentage of Body Fat to the Risk of Asthma in 8- to 10-year-old Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 885-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Ownby ◽  
Edward L. Peterson ◽  
Dorothy Nelson ◽  
Christine C.L. Joseph ◽  
L. Keoki Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and the Metabolic Syndrome Score in Girls

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina D. DuBose ◽  
Andrew J. McKune
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between physical activity levels, salivary cortisol, and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) score was examined. Twenty-three girls (8.4 ± 0.9 years) had a fasting blood draw, waist circumference and blood pressure measured, and wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for 5 days. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels. Previously established cut points estimated the minutes spent in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A continuous MetSyn score was created from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and glucose values. Correlation analyses examined associations between physical activity, cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components. Regression analysis examined the relationship between cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components adjusting for physical activity, percent body fat, and sexual maturity. Vigorous physical activity was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol values. The MetSyn score was not related with cortisol values after controlling for confounders. In contrast, HDL was negatively related with 30 min post waking cortisol. Triglyceride was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol and area under the curve. The MetSyn score and many of its components were not related to cortisol salivary levels even after adjusting for physical activity, body fat percentage, and sexual maturity.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Composition, Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Pulmonary Status in Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Scully ◽  
Laura T. Jay ◽  
Steven Freedman ◽  
Gregory S. Sawicki ◽  
Ahmet Uluer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Measures of body fat and lean mass may better predict important clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than body mass index (BMI). Little is known about how diet quality and exercise may impact body composition in these patients. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, 24-h dietary recall, and physical activity were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 38 adolescents and adults with CF and 19 age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Compared with the healthy volunteers, participants with CF had a lower appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), despite no observed difference in BMI, and their diets consisted of higher glycemic index foods with a greater proportion of calories from fat and a lower proportion of calories from protein. In participants with CF, pulmonary function positively correlated with measures of lean mass, particularly ALMI, and negatively correlated with multiple measures of body fat after controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Higher physical activity levels were associated with greater ALMI and lower body fat. In conclusion, body composition measures, particularly ALMI, may better predict key clinical outcomes in individuals with CF than BMI. Future longitudinal studies analyzing the effect of dietary intake and exercise on body composition and CF-specific clinical outcomes are needed.

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