Body composition and fat repartition in relation to structure and function of large arteries in middle-aged adults (the SU.VI.MAX study)

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 826-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Czernichow ◽  
S Bertrais ◽  
J-M Oppert ◽  
P Galan ◽  
J Blacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
And Function ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

scholarly journals Regular aerobic exercise is positively associated with hippocampal structure and function in young and middle‐aged adults

Hippocampus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Hendrikse ◽  
Yann Chye ◽  
Sarah Thompson ◽  
Nigel C. Rogasch ◽  
Chao Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
And Function ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Hippocampal Structure

scholarly journals The effects of regular aerobic exercise on hippocampal structure and function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Hendrikse ◽  
Yann Chye ◽  
Sarah Thompson ◽  
Nigel C. Rogasch ◽  
Chao Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
And Function ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Hippocampal Structure

AbstractEngaging in regular exercise has numerous benefits for brain health. In particular, a number of studies have associated exercise with improvements to the structure and function of the hippocampus, especially in older adults. This region plays a critical role in memory function, and is altered in a number of psychiatric disorders associated with memory impairments (e.g. depression and schizophrenia), as well as healthy ageing. Thus, exercise may provide an effective method of enhancing / ameliorating hippocampal integrity; however, an improved understanding of exercise-related effects in young to middle-aged adults is required. We assessed the effects of regular exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on hippocampal structure and function in young to middle-aged adults. We recruited a sample of 40 healthy adults, comprised of individuals who self-reported as engaging in high (regular exercisers) or low (sedentary) levels of physical activity (PA) according to World Health Organisation guidelines (high PA n=20; low PA n=20). A multi-modal assessment of hippocampal structure and function was conducted using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, and hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. We observed evidence of increased N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) concentration and associative memory performance in high PA individuals. However, no differences in hippocampal volume or pattern separation capacity were observed between groups. We found that cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with (left, right, and bilateral) hippocampal volume, NAA concentration, and pattern separation, but not associative memory. Therefore, we provide evidence that engaging in higher levels of exercise has demonstrable benefits for hippocampal integrity and function. Given that young and middle-aged adults are overrepresented in the diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses which affect hippocampal integrity (e.g. depression and schizophrenia), it is possible that exercise may provide a low-risk, effective method of remediating this dysfunction.

Endurance exercise in a rat model of metabolic syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Cameron ◽  
Mohammad Ashraful Alam ◽  
Jianxiong Wang ◽  
Lindsay Brown
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Liver Structure ◽  
And Function

We have measured the responses to endurance exercise training on body composition and glucose regulation, as well as cardiovascular and liver structure and function in rats fed a high carbohydrate and high fat (HCHF) diet as a model of human metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (9–10 weeks old) were randomly allocated into corn starch (CS) or HCHF diet groups for 16 weeks; half of each group were exercised on a treadmill for 20, 25, and then 30 min/day, 5 days/week, during the last 8 weeks of the protocol. Metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver parameters were monitored. The HCHF diet induced symptoms of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and increased systolic blood pressure associated with the development of cardiovascular remodeling and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Exercise in HCHF rats decreased body mass, abdominal fat pads and circumference, blood glucose concentrations, plasma lipid profiles, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular diastolic stiffness, collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in the left ventricle, improved aortic contractile and relaxation responses, and decreased liver mass and hepatic fat accumulation. This study demonstrates that endurance exercise is effective in this rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in improving body composition and glucose regulation, as well as cardiovascular and liver structure and function.

scholarly journals Influence of Body Composition on Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged Adults: Healthy UAL Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Hernandez-Martinez ◽  
Elena Martinez-Rosales ◽  
Manuel Alcaraz-Ibañez ◽  
Alberto Soriano-Maldonado ◽  
Enrique G. Artero
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neck Circumference ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background and objectives: Several anthropometric and body composition parameters have been linked to arterial stiffness (AS) as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about which of these closely related factors is more strongly associated with AS. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship of different anthropometric and body composition parameters with AS in middle-aged adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 186 middle-aged participants (85 women, 101 men; age = 42.8 ± 12.6 years) evaluated as part of the Healthy UAL study, a population study conducted at the University of Almería with the main purpose of analyzing the etiology and risk factors associated with cardio-metabolic diseases. Anthropometric measures included neck, waist, and hip circumferences, as well as the waist-to-height ratio (WHtr). Bioimpedance-derived parameters included fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI), and percent of body fat (%BF). AS was measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). The relationships of interest were examined through stepwise regression analyses in which age and sex were also introduced as potential confounders. Results: Neck circumference (in the anthropometric model; R 2: 0.889; β: age = 0.855, neck = 0.204) and FFMI (in the bio-impedance model; R2: 0.891; β: age = 0.906, FFMI = 0.199) emerged as significant cross-sectional predictors of AS. When all parameters were included together (both anthropometry and bio-impedance), both neck circumference and FFMI appeared again as being significantly associated with AS (R2: 0.894; β: age = 0.882, FFMI = 0.126, neck = 0.093). Conclusion: It was concluded that FFMI and neck circumference are correlated with AS regardless of potential confounders and other anthropometric and bioimpedance-derived parameters in middle-aged adults.

Structure and Function of Large Arteries

Hypertension ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Frohlich ◽  
Michel Safar ◽  
Hans Brunner ◽  
Giuseppe Mancia ◽  
Stephane Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Levels Within Reference Range Are Associated with Heart Rate, Cardiac Structure, and Function in Middle-Aged Men and Women

Thyroid ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greet L. Roef ◽  
Youri E. Taes ◽  
Jean-Marc Kaufman ◽  
Caroline M. Van Daele ◽  
Marc L. De Buyzere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function
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