scholarly journals Muscle perfusion of posterior trunk and lower-limb muscles at rest and during upper-limb exercise in spinal cord-injured and able-bodied individuals

Spinal Cord ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zafeiridis ◽  
A V Vasiliadis ◽  
A Doumas ◽  
N Galanis ◽  
T Christoforidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Perfusion ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Posterior Trunk ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured ◽  
Limb Exercise

scholarly journals Lower limb conduit artery endothelial responses to acute upper limb exercise in spinal cord injured and able-bodied men

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e12367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek ◽  
Jason S. Au ◽  
David S. Ditor ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Conduit Artery ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured ◽  
Limb Exercise

Validity of Skeletal Muscle Ultrasound in Assessment of Suspected Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha M Ibrahim ◽  
Haitham M Hamdy ◽  
Amr A Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed M Elsadek ◽  
Ahmed M Bassiouny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Muscle Ultrasound

Abstract Background Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degenerative muscle changes. Studies have shown that ultrasound can be useful both for diagnosis and follow-up of LGMDs patients. Objectives This study aims to measure the sensitivity and the specificity of muscle ultrasound in assessment of suspected limb girdle muscular dystrophy patients. Subjects and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on Fifty-five patients with suspected LGMD from neuromuscular unit, myology clinic, Ain Shams University hospitals and eight healthy subjects. Age was above 2 years. Both sexes were included in the study. They underwent real-time B-mode ultrasonography performed with using Logiq p9 General Electric ultrasound machine and General Electric 7-11.5 MHZ linear array ultrasound probe. All ultrasound images have been obtained and scored by a single examiner and muscle echo intensity was visually graded semiquantitative according to Heckmatt's scale. The examiner was blinded to the muscle biopsy results and clinical evaluations. Results Statistical analysis revealed that the diagnostic performance of muscle US (Heckmatt’s score) in LGMD is most sensitive when calculated in all examined upper limb and lower limb muscles, followed by lower limb muscles alone. US of upper limb was found to be the least sensitive. Conclusions Muscle ultrasound is a practical and reproducible and valid tool that can be used in assessment of suspected LGMD patients.

Cortical Control of Human Motoneuron Firing During Isometric Contraction

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 3401-3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Salenius ◽  
Karin Portin ◽  
Matti Kajola ◽  
Riitta Salmelin ◽  
Riitta Hari
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cortical Control ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Cortical Rhythms ◽  
Motor Unit Firing ◽  
Limb Muscles

Salenius, Stephan, Karin Portin, Matti Kajola, Riitta Salmelin, and Riitta Hari. Cortical control of human motoneuron firing during isometric contraction. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 3401–3405, 1997. We recorded whole scalp magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals simultaneously with the surface electromyogram from upper and lower limb muscles of six healthy right-handed adults during voluntary isometric contraction. The 15- to 33-Hz MEG signals, originating from the anterior bank of the central sulcus, i.e., the primary motor cortex, were coherent with motor unit firing in all subjects and for all muscles. The coherent cortical rhythms originated in the hand motor area for upper limb muscles (1st dorsal interosseus, extensor indicis proprius, and biceps brachii) and close to the foot area for lower limb muscles (flexor hallucis brevis). The sites of origin corresponding to different upper limb muscles did not differ significantly. The cortical signals preceded motor unit firing by 12–53 ms. The lags were shortest for the biceps brachii and increased systematically with increasing corticomuscular distance. We suggest that the motor cortex drives the spinal motoneuronal pool during sustained contractions, with the observed cortical rhythmic activity influencing the timing of efferent commands. The cortical rhythms could be related to motor binding, but the rhythmic output may also serve to optimize motor cortex output during isometric contractions.

scholarly journals Gait Performance and Lower-Limb Muscle Strength Improved in Both Upper-Limb and Lower-Limb Isokinetic Training Programs in Individuals with Chronic Stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Milot ◽  
Sylvie Nadeau ◽  
Denis Gravel ◽  
Daniel Bourbonnais
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Power ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Background. Limited improvement in gait performance has been noted after training despite a significant increase in strength of the affected lower-limb muscles after stroke. A mismatch between the training program and the requirements of gait could explain this finding. Objective. To compare the impact of a training program, matching the requirements of the muscle groups involved in the energy generation of gait, to a control intervention, on gait performance and strength. Methods. 30 individuals with chronic stroke were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 15), each training three times/week for six weeks. The experimental group trained the affected plantarflexors, hip flexors, and extensors, while the control group trained the upper-limb muscles. Baseline and posttraining values of gait speed, positive power (muscles’ concentric action during gait), and strength were retained and compared between groups. Results. After training, both groups showed a similar and significant increase in gait speed, positive power of the hip muscles, and plantarflexors strength. Conclusion. A training program targeting the lower-limb muscles involved in the energy generation of gait did not lead to a greater improvement in gait performance and strength than a training program of the upper-limb muscles. Attending the training sessions might have been a sufficient stimulus to generate gains in the control group.

scholarly journals A comparison of passive hindlimb cycling and active upper-limb exercise provides new insights into systolic dysfunction after spinal cord injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. H861-H870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. DeVeau ◽  
Kathryn A. Harman ◽  
Jordan W. Squair ◽  
Andrei V. Krassioukov ◽  
David S. K. Magnuson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Lower Limb Exercise ◽  
Limb Exercise

Active upper-limb and passive lower-limb exercise are two interventions used in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Although the global cardiac responses have been previously studied, it is unclear how either exercise influences contractile cardiac function. Here, the cardiac contractile and volumetric responses to upper-limb (swim) and passive lower-limb exercise were investigated in rodents with a severe high-thoracic SCI. Animals were divided into control (CON), SCI no exercise (NO-EX), SCI passive hindlimb cycling (PHLC), or SCI swim (SWIM) groups. Severe contusion SCI was administered at the T2 level. PHLC and SWIM interventions began on day 8 postinjury and lasted 25 days. Echocardiography and dobutamine stress echocardiography were performed before and after injury. Cardiac contractile indexes were assessed in vivo at study termination via a left ventricular pressure-volume conductance catheter. Stroke volume was reduced after SCI (91 µl in the NO-EX group vs. 188 µl in the CON group, P < 0.05) and was reversed at study termination in the PHLC (167 µl) but not SWIM (90 µl) group. Rates of contraction were reduced in NO-EX versus CON groups (6,079 vs. 9,225 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05) and were unchanged by PHLC and SWIM training. Similarly, end-systolic elastance was reduced in the NO-EX versus CON groups (0.67 vs. 1.37 mmHg/µl, respectively, P < 0.05) and was unchanged by PHLC or SWIM training. Dobutamine infusion normalized all pressure indexes in each SCI group (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, PHLC improves flow-derived cardiac indexes, whereas SWIM training displayed no cardiobeneficial effect. Pressure-derived deficits were corrected only with dobutamine, suggesting that reduced β-adrenergic stimulation is principally responsible for the impaired cardiac contractile function after SCI. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first direct comparison between the cardiac changes elicited by active upper-limb or passive lower-limb exercise after spinal cord injury. Here, we demonstrate that lower-limb exercise positively influences flow-derived cardiac indexes, whereas upper-limb exercise does not. Furthermore, neither intervention corrects the cardiac contractile dysfunction associated with spinal cord injury.

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