scholarly journals Effects of IL-1β-Blocking Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling Approach to Explore Underlying Mechanisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Palmér ◽  
E Nyman ◽  
M Penney ◽  
A Marley ◽  
G Cedersund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systems Pharmacology ◽  
Quantitative Systems Pharmacology ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Dietary fibers in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Blaak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Fermentative Capacity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

This chapter reviews how dietary fibers can be used to prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary fibers are a heterogenous group of food compounds. The physicochemical properties of dietary fibers determine their effects on gastrointestinal and metabolic health, including effect on gastro-intestinal transit, glycemic response, microbial composition and fermentative capacity. Most fiber rich foods contain insoluble, prebiotic and viscous fibers in varying ratios. The chapter begins by discussing underlying mechanisms of action of insoluble fibers. It then goes on to discuss the various dietary fiber intervention studies, specifically focusing on prebiotic fibers and soluble viscous fibers. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of consuming high levels dietary fiber and whole grains and their positive impact on metabolic health.

Systematic investigation of the mechanism of Cichorium glandulosum on type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied with non-alcoholic fatty liver rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2450-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyu Qin ◽  
Haijun Chen ◽  
Yang Zou ◽  
Xiaoyi Zhang ◽  
Changqing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Systems Pharmacology ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Action Mechanisms

Strategy of this systems-pharmacology approach to investigate the active compounds and action mechanisms of CG on T2DM-NAFLD.

scholarly journals Forecasting the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qatar to 2050: A novel modeling approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne F. Awad ◽  
Martin O'Flaherty ◽  
Julia Critchley ◽  
Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Modeling Approach

Coagulopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathological Mechanisms and the Role of Factor XIII-A Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-455
Author(s):  
Marry-ann Ntanyane Phasha ◽  
Prashilla Soma ◽  
Etheresia Pretorius ◽  
Alia Phulukdaree
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has quadrupled within three decades since 1980, affecting 422 million adults in 2016. It remains one of the most common noncommunicable chronic diseases and the underlying risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide. There are different underlying mechanisms that play a role in the development of pathologies associated with the disease such as hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, obesity, inflammation and hypercoagulation; each of which are interlinked. Hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and obesity play a huge role in the activation of inflammation and coagulation. Activation of inflammatory pathways increases the production of thrombin which predisposes the development of thrombotic related diseases. One of the factors that contribute to the increase of thrombin is the impairment of the fibrinolysis process due to decreased expression of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) by increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), a transglutaminase that is composed of subunits A and B (FXIII-A2B2), is essential for the last step of fibrin clot formation in the coagulation pathway. Genetic variation of FXIII-A in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alters the activity of FXIII, altering clot properties which influence disease outcomes. This review discusses the link between underlying mechanisms of T2DM, well known FXIII-A variants and coagulation.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Jinjin Chu ◽  
Wenhao Hao ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhang ◽  
Haibo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.

The positive effects and underlying mechanisms of Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Rong Li ◽  
Rui-Bo Jia ◽  
Luo Donghui ◽  
Lianzhu Lin ◽  
Zheng Qianwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The aim of current work was to investigate the anti-diabetic effects and underlying mechanisms of Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides (UPP) based on T2DM rat model. The starch loading test showed that...

scholarly journals Body Composition and Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Hye Jin Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Representative body composition related to metabolic diseases in our body include fats and muscles, and accumulation of abdominal fats and loss of muscles caused by aging are the main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Such changes in body composition vary according to sex and age; in particular, women exhibit significant changes, especially during menopause. Therefore it is necessary to determine new anthropometric indicators that reflect differences in muscles and fats mass changes caused by aging, as well as their distributions, and to establish diagnostic criteria for stratifying the risks of metabolic diseases in both men and women. This article summarizes the underlying mechanisms and recent epidemiological findings that support how muscles decrease and visceral fats increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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