scholarly journals Short- and long-term glucocorticoid treatment enhances insulin signalling in human subcutaneous adipose tissue

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e3-e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L Gathercole ◽  
S A Morgan ◽  
I J Bujalska ◽  
P M Stewart ◽  
J W Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Resolution of glucose intolerance in long-term high-fat, high-sucrose-fed mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg M Kowalski ◽  
Michael J Kraakman ◽  
Shaun A Mason ◽  
Andrew J Murphy ◽  
Clinton R Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
High Sucrose

The high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFSD)–fed C57Bl/6 mouse is a widely used model of prediabetes. However, studies typically implement a relatively short dietary intervention lasting between 4 and 16 weeks; as a result, little is known about how a long-term HFSD influences the metabolic profile of these mice. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of consuming a HFSD for 42 weeks on the development of hyperinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance in male C57Bl/6 mice. Two cohorts of HFSD mice were studied at independent institutes and they underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with measures of plasma insulin and free fatty acids (FFA). Age-matched chow-fed control mice were also studied. The HFSD-fed mice were hyperinsulinaemic and grossly obese, being over 25 g heavier than chow-fed mice, which was due to a marked expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue. This was associated with a 3-fold increase in liver lipid content. Glucose tolerance, however, was either the same or better than control mice due to the preservation of glucose disposal as revealed by a dynamic stable isotope-labelled OGTT. In addition, plasma FFAs were suppressed to lower levels in HFSD mice during the OGTT. In conclusion, we have made the paradoxical observation that long-term HFSD feeding results in the resolution of glucose intolerance in the C57Bl/6 mouse. Mechanistically, we propose that the gross expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue increases the glucose disposal capacity of the HFSD-fed mouse, which overcomes the prevailing insulin resistance to improve glucose tolerance.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Dietary Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Pietro Sciarresi-Arechabala ◽  
Nathaly Cancino-Padilla ◽  
María Sol Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

The objective of this study was to characterize the long-term transcriptomic effects of lipogenic genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of dairy cows supplemented with unsaturated (olive oil; OO) and saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) lipids. Cows were fed a control diet with no added lipid, or diets containing OO or HVO (n = 5 cows/group) for 63 days. SAT was obtained from the tail-head area at the onset of the study and after 21, 42, and 63 days of supplementation. Treatments had minor effects on expression of measured genes. Both fat supplements reduced expression of PPARG, HVO decreased transcription of the desaturase FADS2 and lipid droplet formation PLIN2, and OO increased transcription of FABP3. Both lipid treatments decreased expression of the transcription regulator SREBF1 and its chaperone (SCAP) during the first 21 days of treatment. Our data indicated that long-term feeding of OO and HVO have a relatively mild effect on expression of lipogenic genes in SAT of mid-lactating cows.

Adipogenic/Lipid, Inflammatory, and Mitochondrial Parameters in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Untreated HIV-1–Infected Long-Term Nonprogressors

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Vidal ◽  
Pere Domingo ◽  
Francesc Villarroya ◽  
Marta Giralt ◽  
Miguel López-Dupla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Hiv 1

Effects of long-term total fasting and insulin on ob gene expression in obese patients

1997 ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Andersen ◽  
K Kristensen ◽  
SB Pedersen ◽  
E Hjollund ◽  
O Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Ob Gene ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Actin Concentration

In the present study the effect of long-term fasting (6 days) on obese (ob) gene expression was examined in nine severely obese females of 34 +/- 3 years and with a body mass index of 46.4 +/- 2.3 kg/m2. Six days of fasting induced a significant weight loss (126.8 +/- 5.3 vs 120.5 +/- 5.1 kg, P < 0.0001). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp, insulin infusion rate 1.5 mU/kg per min) was markedly reduced following fasting (M-value 5.96 +/- 0.74 vs 2.79 +/- 0.23 mg/kg per min, P < 0.0001). Ob mRNA/beta-actin concentration in fat biopsies from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was unchanged after 6 days of fasting (1.50 +/- 0.40 vs 1.47 +/- 0.36 arbitrary units, not significant), whereas serum leptin levels decreased significantly from 53.8 +/- 4.7 to 30.7 +/- 2.0 ng/ml (P < 0.0001) during the same period. No significant correlations were found between insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and serum leptin concentration, either prior to the fast or after the fast. Serum leptin levels were unchanged by hyperinsulinemia for 3 h during the clamp prior to the fast, while hyperinsulinemia for 3 h after 6 days of fasting increased serum leptin by 25% (P < 0.01). In conclusion, 6 days of fasting reduced serum leptin by about 40%. In contrast, ob mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was unchanged. Furthermore, after 6 days of fasting insulin was able to increase the serum level of leptin significantly, indicating that the effect of insulin on the level of leptin is dependent on the nutritional state.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document