scholarly journals The elusive nature and function of mesenchymal stem cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Nombela-Arrieta ◽  
Jerome Ritz ◽  
Leslie E. Silberstein
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals Co-encapsulation and co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells reduces pericapsular fibrosis and improves encapsulated islet survival and function when allografted

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayaganapathy Vaithilingam ◽  
Margaret D. M. Evans ◽  
Denise M. Lewy ◽  
Penelope A. Bean ◽  
Sumeet Bal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
And Function ◽  
Islet Survival

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA HULC affects the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of mesenchymal stem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (13) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujun Li ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
Yuchen Pan ◽  
Yujun Xu ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Further studies on the molecular mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in the maintenance of growth and function are essential for their clinical application. Growing evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, it is reported that highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC), with another lncRNA MALAT-1, accelerated liver cancer stem cell growth. The regulating role of MALAT-1 in mesenchymal stem cells has been investigated. However, the effects of HULC on the mesenchymal stem cells are unknown. In this study, we overexpressed HULC in mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and analyzed the cell phenotypes, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. We found that overexpression of HULC significantly promotes cell proliferation through promoting cell division and inhibits cell apoptosis. HULC-overexpressed mesenchymal stem cells migrate and invade faster than control mesenchymal stem cells. HULC has no effect on phenotypes and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, we found that the expression of HULC in mesenchymal stem cells could be reduced by several inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, TGF-β1, and R848. Taken together, our data demonstrated that HULC has a vital role in the growth and function maintenance of mesenchymal stem cells without affecting differentiation. Impact statement Exploring the molecular mechanisms of growth and function in MSCs is the key to improve their clinical therapeutic effects. Currently, more and more evidence show that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the growth, stemness and function of MSCs.Both HULC and MALAT1 are the earliest discovered LNCRNAs, which are closely related to tumor growth. All of them can promote the growth of liver cancer stem cells. Previously, we have studied the effects of MALAT1 on the growth and function of MSCs. In this study, we focused on the effects of HULC on MSCs. We elucidated the effects of HULC on the growth and differentiation of MSCs, and explored the relationship between inflammatory stimuli and HULC expression in MSCs. Our findings provide a new molecular target for the growth and clinical application of MSCs.

scholarly journals Hypoxia-Preconditioned Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Ameliorate Human Islet Survival and Function in Direct Contact Coculture System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Somayeh Keshtkar ◽  
Maryam Kaviani ◽  
Zahra Jabbarpour ◽  
Fatemeh Sabet Sarvestani ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Isolated Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Coculture System ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Islet Survival

Protection of isolated pancreatic islets against hypoxic and oxidative damage-induced apoptosis is essential during a pretransplantation culture period. A beneficial approach to maintain viable and functional islets is the coculture period with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hypoxia preconditioning of MSCs (Hpc-MSCs) for a short time stimulates the expression and secretion of antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and prosurvival factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the survival and function of human islets cocultured with Hpc-MSCs. Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs were subjected to hypoxia (5% O2: Hpc) or normoxia (20% O2: Nc) for 24 hours and then cocultured with isolated human islets in direct and indirect systems. Assays of viability and apoptosis, along with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), apoptotic pathway markers, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the islets, were performed. Insulin and C-peptide secretions as islet function were also evaluated. Hpc-MSCs and Nc-MSCs significantly reduced the ROS production and HIF-1α protein aggregation, as well as downregulation of proapoptotic proteins and upregulation of antiapoptotic marker along with increment of VEGF secretion in the cocultured islet. However, the Hpc-MSCs groups were better than Nc-MSCs cocultured islets. Hpc-MSCs in both direct and indirect coculture systems improved the islet survival, while promotion of function was only significant in the direct cocultured cells. Hpc potentiated the cytoprotective and insulinotropic effects of MSCs on human islets through reducing stressful markers, inhibiting apoptosis pathway, enhancing prosurvival factors, and promoting insulin secretion, especially in direct coculture system, suggesting the effective strategy to ameliorate the islet quality for better transplantation outcomes.

scholarly journals Recent Advance in Source, Property, Differentiation, and Applications of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-chen Zhong ◽  
Shi-chun Wang ◽  
Yin-he Han ◽  
Yu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) can be easily obtained during knee surgery, which avoids the damage to patients for obtaining IPFP. Infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) are also called infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) because the morphology of IPFP-ASCs is similar to that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). IPFP-ASCs are attracting more and more attention due to their characteristics suitable to regenerative medicine such as strong proliferation and differentiation, anti-inflammation, antiaging, secreting cytokines, multipotential capacity, and 3D culture. IPFP-ASCs can repair articular cartilage and relieve the pain caused by osteoarthritis, so most of IPFP-related review articles focus on osteoarthritis. This article reviews the anatomy and function of IPFP, as well as the discovery, amplification, multipotential capacity, and application of IPFP-ASCs in order to explain why IPFP-ASC is a superior stem cell source in regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate thymic epithelial cell development and function in Foxn1−/− mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyang Liu ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Tianxiang Pang ◽  
Delin Zhu ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cell ◽  
And Function
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