Kinesin superfamily motor proteins and intracellular transport

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 682-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Hirokawa ◽  
Yasuko Noda ◽  
Yosuke Tanaka ◽  
Shinsuke Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Kinesin Superfamily

Intracellular Transport and Kinesin Superfamily Proteins, KIFs: Structure, Function, and Dynamics

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1089-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Hirokawa ◽  
Yasuko Noda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Kinesin Superfamily

Various molecular cell biology and molecular genetic approaches have indicated significant roles for kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) in intracellular transport and have shown that they are critical for cellular morphogenesis, functioning, and survival. KIFs not only transport various membrane organelles, protein complexes, and mRNAs for the maintenance of basic cellular activity, but also play significant roles for various mechanisms fundamental for life, such as brain wiring, higher brain functions such as memory and learning and activity-dependent neuronal survival during brain development, and for the determination of important developmental processes such as left-right asymmetry formation and suppression of tumorigenesis. Accumulating data have revealed a molecular mechanism of cargo recognition involving scaffolding or adaptor protein complexes. Intramolecular folding and phosphorylation also regulate the binding activity of motor proteins. New techniques using molecular biophysics, cryoelectron microscopy, and X-ray crystallography have detected structural changes in motor proteins, synchronized with ATP hydrolysis cycles, leading to the development of independent models of monomer and dimer motors for processive movement along microtubules.

The Presence of Kinesin Superfamily Motor Proteins KIFC1 and KIF17 in Normal and Pathological Human Placenta

Placenta ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 848-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sati ◽  
Y. Seval-Celik ◽  
G. Unek ◽  
E.T. Korgun ◽  
R. Demir
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Kinesin Superfamily

scholarly journals Renewal Reward Perspective on Linear Switching Diffusion Systems in Models of Intracellular Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Veronica Ciocanel ◽  
John Fricks ◽  
Peter R. Kramer ◽  
Scott A. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Switching Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Effective Transport

Abstract In many biological systems, the movement of individual agents is characterized having multiple qualitatively distinct behaviors that arise from a variety of biophysical states. For example, in cells the movement of vesicles, organelles, and other intracellular cargo is affected by their binding to and unbinding from cytoskeletal filaments such as microtubules through molecular motor proteins. A typical goal of theoretical or numerical analysis of models of such systems is to investigate effective transport properties and their dependence on model parameters. While the effective velocity of particles undergoing switching diffusion dynamics is often easily characterized in terms of the long-time fraction of time that particles spend in each state, the calculation of the effective diffusivity is more complicated because it cannot be expressed simply in terms of a statistical average of the particle transport state at one moment of time. However, it is common that these systems are regenerative, in the sense that they can be decomposed into independent cycles marked by returns to a base state. Using decompositions of this kind, we calculate effective transport properties by computing the moments of the dynamics within each cycle and then applying renewal reward theory. This method provides a useful alternative large-time analysis to direct homogenization for linear advection–reaction–diffusion partial differential equation models. Moreover, it applies to a general class of semi-Markov processes and certain stochastic differential equations that arise in models of intracellular transport. Applications of the proposed renewal reward framework are illustrated for several case studies such as mRNA transport in developing oocytes and processive cargo movement by teams of molecular motor proteins.

Melanosomes on the move: a model to understand organelle dynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair N. Hume ◽  
Miguel C. Seabra
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Live Cell Microscopy ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
Cell Microscopy ◽  
Shed Light

Advances in live-cell microscopy have revealed the extraordinarily dynamic nature of intracellular organelles. Moreover, movement appears to be critical in establishing and maintaining intracellular organization and organellar and cellular function. Motility is regulated by the activity of organelle-associated motor proteins, kinesins, dyneins and myosins, which move cargo along polar MT (microtubule) and actin tracks. However, in most instances, the motors that move specific organelles remain mysterious. Over recent years, pigment granules, or melanosomes, within pigment cells have provided an excellent model for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which motor proteins associate with and move intracellular organelles. In the present paper, we discuss recent discoveries that shed light on the mechanisms of melanosome transport and highlight future prospects for the use of pigment cells in unravelling general molecular mechanisms of intracellular transport.

scholarly journals Characterization of the KIF3C Neural Kinesin-like Motor from Mouse

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohuai Yang ◽  
Lawrence S. B. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Secondary Structure Analysis ◽  
Anterograde Axonal Transport ◽  
Brain Cdna Library ◽  
Kinesin Superfamily

Proteins of the kinesin superfamily define a class of microtubule-dependent motors that play crucial roles in cell division and intracellular transport. To study the molecular mechanism of axonal transport, a cDNA encoding a new kinesin-like protein called KIF3C was cloned from a mouse brain cDNA library. Sequence and secondary structure analysis revealed that KIF3C is a member of the KIF3 family. In contrast to KIF3A and KIF3B, Northern and Western analysis indicated that KIF3C expression is highly enriched in neural tissues such as brain, spinal cord, and retina. When anti-KIF3C antibodies were used to stain the cerebellum, the strongest signal came from the cell bodies and dendrites of Purkinje cells. In retina, anti-KIF3C mainly stains the ganglion cells. Immunolocalization showed that the KIF3C motor in spinal cord and sciatic nerve is mainly localized in cytoplasm. In spinal cord, the KIF3C staining was punctate; double labeling with anti-giantin and anti-KIF3C showed a clear concentration of the motor protein in the Golgi complex. Staining of ligated sciatic nerves demonstrated that the KIF3C motor accumulated at the proximal side of the ligated nerve, which suggests that KIF3C is an anterograde motor. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that KIF3C and KIF3A, but not KIF3B, were coprecipitated. These data, combined with previous data from other labs, indicate that KIF3C and KIF3B are “variable” subunits that associate with a common KIF3A subunit, but not with each other. Together these results suggest that KIF3 family members combinatorially associate to power anterograde axonal transport.

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