scholarly journals The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1625-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W Kable ◽  
Paul W Glimcher
Keyword(s):  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Subjective Value

scholarly journals Cognitive mechanisms underlying subjective value of past and future events: Modeling systematic reversals of temporal value asymmetry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Kvam ◽  
Matthew Baldwin ◽  
Erin Corwin Westgate
Keyword(s):  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Future Outcomes

People discount both future outcomes that could happen and past outcomes that could have happened according to how far away they are in time. A common finding is that future outcomes are often preferred to past ones when the payoffs and temporal distance (how long ago / until they occur) are matched, referred to as temporal value asymmetry. In this paper, we examine the consistency of this effect by examining the effect of manipulating the magnitude and delays of past and future payoffs on participants' choices, and challenge the claim that differences in value are primarily due to differences in discounting rates for past and future events. We find reversals of the temporal value asymmetry when payoffs are low and when temporal distance is large, suggesting that people have different sensitivity to the magnitude of past and future payoffs. We show that these effects can be accommodated in an direct difference model of intertemporal choice but not in the most common discounting models (hyperboloid), suggesting that both temporal distance and payoff magnitude carry independent influences on the subjective value of past and future outcomes. Finally, we explore how these tendencies to represent past and future outcome values are related to one another and to individual differences in personality and psychological traits, showing how these measures cluster according to whether they measure processes related to past/future events, payoffs/delays, and whether they are behavioral/self-report measures.

scholarly journals Assessment of intertemporal preferences in type-2 diabetes patients and smokers

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Ramsés Vázquez Lira ◽  
Álvaro Torres Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bisection Point ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Discrimination Parameter ◽  
Temporal Discount

The experiment assesses the role of cortisol concentration on bloodstream as correlate of the intertemporal choice and temporal discrimination in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and smokers. The participants were evaluated in a two independent computerized tasks allowed to obtain the temporal discount function and it’s hyperbolic decay parameter (k), which refers to the tendency to discount the subjective value of future goods as a function of the delay to receiving them; and a temporal discrimination index (bisection point), this function relate the response proportion of “Long” stimuli with probe duration. The bisection point is the value at which responses to Short and Long stimuli occur with equal frequency. We analysed both parameters, then a comparisons of the temporal discount parameter[F(2,147) =79.858,p<,01]and time discrimination parameter[F(2,147) =49,51,p<,01]revealed statistically significant differences between control group and T2DM and smokers groups. We concluded that the choice for delayed rewards and the temporal discrimination of T2DM patients and smokers were influenced by the cortisol concentration in the bloodstream; the higher the concentration of cortisol in the bloodstream, the higherthe likelihood to choose immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards and the higher the tendency tooverestimate the passage of time. We propose to investigate the effects of salivary cortisol elevation levels through noninvasive pharmacologically induction on healthy adult humans, to extend the research line that assess the direct influence over intertemporal choice and temporal discrimination to increase the effect generality.

Common Neural Correlates of Intertemporal Choices and Intelligence in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Ripke ◽  
Thomas Hübner ◽  
Eva Mennigen ◽  
Kathrin U. Müller ◽  
Shu-Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Decision Network ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
Choice Consistency ◽  
Intertemporal Choices

Converging behavioral evidence indicates that temporal discounting, measured by intertemporal choice tasks, is inversely related to intelligence. At the neural level, the parieto-frontal network is pivotal for complex, higher-order cognitive processes. Relatedly, underrecruitment of the pFC during a working memory task has been found to be associated with steeper temporal discounting. Furthermore, this network has also been shown to be related to the consistency of intertemporal choices. Here we report an fMRI study that directly investigated the association of neural correlates of intertemporal choice behavior with intelligence in an adolescent sample (n = 206; age 13.7–15.5 years). After identifying brain regions where the BOLD response during intertemporal choice was correlated with individual differences in intelligence, we further tested whether BOLD responses in these areas would mediate the associations between intelligence, the discounting rate, and choice consistency. We found positive correlations between BOLD response in a value-independent decision network (i.e., dorsolateral pFC, precuneus, and occipital areas) and intelligence. Furthermore, BOLD response in a value-dependent decision network (i.e., perigenual ACC, inferior frontal gyrus, ventromedial pFC, ventral striatum) was positively correlated with intelligence. The mediation analysis revealed that BOLD responses in the value-independent network mediated the association between intelligence and choice consistency, whereas BOLD responses in the value-dependent network mediated the association between intelligence and the discounting rate. In summary, our findings provide evidence for common neural correlates of intertemporal choice and intelligence, possibly linked by valuation as well as executive functions.

scholarly journals Intertemporal choice reflects value comparison rather than self-control: insights from confidence judgments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bulley ◽  
Karolina Maria Lempert ◽  
Colin Conwell ◽  
Muireann Irish
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Confidence Judgments ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intertemporal Decisions ◽  
Intertemporal Choices

Intertemporal decision-making has long been assumed to measure self-control, with prominent theories treating choices of smaller, sooner rewards as failed attempts to override immediate temptation. If this view is correct, people should be more confident in their intertemporal decisions when they “successfully” delay gratification than when they do not. In two pre- registered experiments with built-in replication, adult participants (n=117) made monetary intertemporal choices and rated their confidence in having made the right decisions. Contrary to assumptions of the self-control account, confidence was not higher when participants chose delayed rewards. Rather, participants were more confident in their decisions when possible rewards were further apart in time-discounted subjective value, closer to the present, and larger in magnitude. Demonstrating metacognitive insight, participants were more confident in decisions that better aligned with their independent valuation of possible rewards. Decisions made with less confidence were more prone to changes-of-mind and more susceptible to a patience-enhancing manipulation. Together, our results establish that confidence in intertemporal choice tracks uncertainty in estimating and comparing the value of possible rewards – just as it does in decisions unrelated to self-control. Our findings challenge self- control views and instead cast intertemporal choice as a form of value-based decision-making about future possibilities.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of episodic memory modulated by temporally delayed rewards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungsun Yoo ◽  
Seokyoung Min ◽  
Seung-Koo Lee ◽  
Sanghoon Han
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Behavioral Memory

AbstractWhen a stimulus is associated with an external reward, its chance of being consolidated into long-term memory is boosted via dopaminergic facilitation of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Given that higher temporal distance (TD) has been found to discount the subjective value of a reward, we hypothesized that memory performance associated with a more immediate reward will result in better memory performance. We tested this hypothesis by measuring both behavioral memory performance and brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during memory encoding and retrieval tasks. Contrary to our hypothesis, both behavioral and fMRI results suggest that the TD of rewards might enhance the chance of the associated stimulus being remembered. The fMRI data demonstrate that the lateral prefrontal cortex, which shows encoding-related activation proportional to the TD, is reactivated when searching for regions that show activation proportional to the TD during retrieval. This is not surprising given that this region is not only activated to discriminate between future vs. immediate rewards, it is also a part of the retrieval-success network. These results provide support for the conclusion that the encoding-retrieval overlap provoked as the rewards are more delayed lead to better memory performance of the items associated with the rewards.

scholarly journals The neural correlates of intertemporal decision-making: Contributions of subjective value, stimulus type, and trait impulsivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1637-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Sripada ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
K. Luan Phan ◽  
Israel Liberzon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

scholarly journals Motor response vigour and fixations reflect subjective preferences during intertemporal choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Smith ◽  
Jan Peters
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Magnitude Effect ◽  
Drift Diffusion Model ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Subjective Utility

Value-based decision-making is of central interest in cognitive neuroscience and psychology, as well as in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders characterised by decision-making impairments. Studies examining (neuro-)computational mechanisms underlying choice behaviour typically focus on participants' decisions. However, there is increasing evidence that option valuation might also be reflected in motor response vigour and eye movements, implicit measures of subjective utility. To examine motor response vigour and visual fixation correlates of option valuation in intertemporal choice, we set up a task where the participants selected an option by pressing a grip force transducer, simultaneously tracking fixation shifts between options. As outlined in our preregistration (https://osf.io/k6jct), we used hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation to model the choices assuming hyperbolic discounting, compared variants of the softmax and drift diffusion model, and assessed the relationship between response vigour and the estimated model parameters. The behavioural data were best explained by a drift diffusion model specifying a non-linear scaling of the drift rate by the subjective value differences. Replicating previous findings (Green et al., 1997; Wagner et al., 2020a), we found a magnitude effect for temporal discounting, such that higher rewards were discounted less. This magnitude effect was further reflected in response vigour, such that stronger forces were exerted in the high vs. the low magnitude condition. Bayesian hierarchical linear regression further revealed higher grip forces, faster response times and a lower number of fixation shifts for trials with higher subjective value differences. Our data suggest that subjective utility or implicit valuation is reflected in response vigour during intertemporal choice. Taking into account response vigour might thus provide deeper insight into decision-making, reward valuation and maladaptive changes in these processes, e.g. in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Neural correlates in intertemporal choice of gains and losses.

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Faralla ◽  
Francesca Benuzzi ◽  
Fausta Lui ◽  
Patrizia Baraldi ◽  
Nicola Dimitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Gains And Losses

scholarly journals Neural correlates of intertemporal choice in aggressive behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Chester ◽  
Sarah Beth Bell ◽  
C. Nathan DeWall ◽  
Samuel J. West ◽  
Marisabel Romero‐Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Neural Correlates
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