scholarly journals The neural correlates of intertemporal decision-making: Contributions of subjective value, stimulus type, and trait impulsivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1637-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Sripada ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
K. Luan Phan ◽  
Israel Liberzon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

Neural substrates of impulsive decision making modulated by modafinil in alcohol-dependent patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 2787-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schmaal ◽  
A. E. Goudriaan ◽  
L. Joos ◽  
G. Dom ◽  
T. Pattij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Within Subjects

BackgroundImpulsive decision making is a hallmark of frequently occurring addiction disorders including alcohol dependence (AD). Therefore, ameliorating impulsive decision making is a promising target for the treatment of AD. Previous studies have shown that modafinil enhances cognitive control functions in various psychiatric disorders. However, the effects of modafinil on delay discounting and its underlying neural correlates have not been investigated as yet. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of modafinil on neural correlates of impulsive decision making in abstinent AD patients and healthy control (HC) subjects.MethodA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects cross-over study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted in 14 AD patients and 16 HC subjects. All subjects participated in two fMRI sessions in which they either received a single dose of placebo or 200 mg of modafinil 2 h before the session. During fMRI, subjects completed a delay-discounting task to measure impulsive decision making.ResultsModafinil improved impulsive decision making in AD pateints, which was accompanied by enhanced recruitment of frontoparietal regions and reduced activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, modafinil-induced enhancement of functional connectivity between the superior frontal gyrus and ventral striatum was specifically associated with improvement in impulsive decision making.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that modafinil can improve impulsive decision making in AD patients through an enhanced coupling of prefrontal control regions and brain regions coding the subjective value of rewards. Therefore, the current study supports the implementation of modafinil in future clinical trials for AD.

Neural correlates of Traditional Chinese Medicine induced advantageous risk-taking decision making

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M.Y. Lee ◽  
Li-guo Guo ◽  
Hong-zhi Shi ◽  
Yong-zhi Li ◽  
Yue-jia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Neural Correlates

scholarly journals Can binocular rivalry reveal neural correlates of consciousness?

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1641) ◽  
pp. 20130211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Blake ◽  
Jan Brascamp ◽  
David J. Heeger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
Neural Correlate Of Consciousness

This essay critically examines the extent to which binocular rivalry can provide important clues about the neural correlates of conscious visual perception. Our ideas are presented within the framework of four questions about the use of rivalry for this purpose: (i) what constitutes an adequate comparison condition for gauging rivalry's impact on awareness, (ii) how can one distinguish abolished awareness from inattention, (iii) when one obtains unequivocal evidence for a causal link between a fluctuating measure of neural activity and fluctuating perceptual states during rivalry, will it generalize to other stimulus conditions and perceptual phenomena and (iv) does such evidence necessarily indicate that this neural activity constitutes a neural correlate of consciousness? While arriving at sceptical answers to these four questions, the essay nonetheless offers some ideas about how a more nuanced utilization of binocular rivalry may still provide fundamental insights about neural dynamics, and glimpses of at least some of the ingredients comprising neural correlates of consciousness, including those involved in perceptual decision-making.

Stress and decision making: neural correlates of the interaction between stress, executive functions, and decision making under risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Gathmann ◽  
Frank P. Schulte ◽  
Stefan Maderwald ◽  
Mirko Pawlikowski ◽  
Katrin Starcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk

Influence of bodily harm on neural correlates of semantic and moral decision-making

NeuroImage ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauke R. Heekeren ◽  
Isabell Wartenburger ◽  
Helge Schmidt ◽  
Kristin Prehn ◽  
Hans-Peter Schwintowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
Moral Decision Making

Neural correlates of the impact of control on decision making in pathological gambling

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Hudgens-Haney ◽  
Jordan P. Hamm ◽  
Adam S. Goodie ◽  
Elizabeth A. Krusemark ◽  
Jennifer E. McDowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Corticoinsular circuits encode subjective value expectation and violation for effortful goal-directed behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. E5233-E5242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Arulpragasam ◽  
Jessica A. Cooper ◽  
Makiah R. Nuutinen ◽  
Michael T. Treadway
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Error Signal ◽  
Value Prediction ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Effort Discounting ◽  
Trial History ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

We are presented with choices each day about how to invest our effort to achieve our goals. Critically, these decisions must frequently be made under conditions of incomplete information, where either the effort required or possible reward to be gained is uncertain. Such choices therefore require the development of potential value estimates to guide effortful goal-directed behavior. To date, however, the neural mechanisms for this expectation process are unknown. Here, we used computational fMRI during an effort-based decision-making task where trial-wise information about effort costs and reward magnitudes was presented separately over time, thereby allowing us to model distinct effort/reward computations as choice-relevant information unfolded. We found that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) encoded expected subjective value. Further, activity in dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and anterior insula (aI) reflected both effort discounting as well as a subjective value prediction error signal derived from trial history. While prior studies have identified these regions as being involved in effort-based decision making, these data demonstrate their specific role in the formation and maintenance of subjective value estimates as relevant information becomes available.

scholarly journals Frontal scalp potentials foretell perceptual choice confidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 1566-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koeun Lim ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Daniel M. Merfeld
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Action Event ◽  
Potential Component

We report novel neural correlates of predecisional choice confidence in frontal scalp potential in humans. In conjunction with the centroparietal choice-action event-related potential component, this new frontal choice confidence component further elucidates the dynamics of the frontoparietal decision-making neural circuitry.

scholarly journals Sensory and decisional components of endogenous attention are dissociable

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1538-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjna Banerjee ◽  
Shrey Grover ◽  
Suhas Ganesh ◽  
Devarajan Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Choice Bias ◽  
Differential Risk

Endogenous cueing of attention enhances sensory processing of the attended stimulus (perceptual sensitivity) and prioritizes information from the attended location for guiding behavioral decisions (spatial choice bias). Here, we test whether sensitivity and bias effects of endogenous spatial attention are under the control of common or distinct mechanisms. Human observers performed a multialternative visuospatial attention task with probabilistic spatial cues. Observers’ behavioral choices were analyzed with a recently developed multidimensional signal detection model (the m-ADC model). The model effectively decoupled the effects of spatial cueing on sensitivity from those on spatial bias and revealed striking dissociations between them. Sensitivity was highest at the cued location and not significantly different among uncued locations, suggesting a spotlight-like allocation of sensory resources at the cued location. On the other hand, bias varied systematically with cue validity, suggesting a graded allocation of decisional priority across locations. Cueing-induced modulations of sensitivity and bias were uncorrelated within and across subjects. Bias, but not sensitivity, correlated with key metrics of prioritized decision-making, including reaction times and decision optimality indices. In addition, we developed a novel metric, differential risk curvature, for distinguishing bias effects of attention from those of signal expectation. Differential risk curvature correlated selectively with m-ADC model estimates of bias but not with estimates of sensitivity. Our results reveal dissociable effects of endogenous attention on perceptual sensitivity and choice bias in a multialternative choice task and motivate the search for the distinct neural correlates of each. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Attention is often studied as a unitary phenomenon. Yet, attention can both enhance the perception of important stimuli (sensitivity) and prioritize such stimuli for decision-making (bias). Employing a multialternative spatial attention task with probabilistic cueing, we show that attention affects sensitivity and bias through dissociable mechanisms. Specifically, the effects on sensitivity alone match the notion of an attentional “spotlight.” Our behavioral model enables quantifying component processes of attention, and identifying their respective neural correlates.

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