scholarly journals High-efficiency labeling of sialylated glycoproteins on living cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zeng ◽  
T N C Ramya ◽  
Anouk Dirksen ◽  
Philip E Dawson ◽  
James C Paulson
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Sialylated Glycoproteins

scholarly journals Tetra-fluorinated aromatic azide for highly efficient bioconjugation in living cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuekang Cai ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Yasi Gao ◽  
Long Yi ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Aromatic Azide

A fast strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition based on tetra-fluorinated aromatic azide was developed and applied to label proteins and living cells with high efficiency.

scholarly journals THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY OF PHYCOCYANIN IN CHROOCOCCUS, AND THE PROBLEM OF CAROTENOID PARTICIPATION IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1942 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Emerson ◽  
Charlton M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Relative Absorption

The absorption spectra of the principal pigment components extracted from Chroococcus cells have been measured, and their sum compared with the absorption of a suspension of living cells. The agreement was sufficiently close so that it was concluded the absorption spectra of the extracted and separated pigment components could be used to obtain estimates of the relative absorption of the various components in the living cells. The quantum yield of Chroococcus photosynthesis was measured at a succession of wave lengths throughout the visible spectrum, and the dependence of yield on wave length was compared with the proportions of light absorbed by the pigment components. This comparison showed beyond reasonable doubt that the light absorbed by phycocyanin is utilized in photosynthesis with an efficiency approximately equal to that of the light absorbed by chlorophyll. The light absorbed by the carotenoid pigments of Chroococcus seems for the most part to be unavailable for photosynthesis. The results leave open the possibility that light absorbed by the carotenoids is active in photosynthesis, but with an efficiency considerably lower than that of chlorophyll and phycocyanin. It is also possible that the light absorbed by one or a few of the several carotenoid components is utilized with a high efficiency, while the light absorbed by most of the components is lost for photosynthesis.

scholarly journals High-Efficiency Electroporation of Chytrid Fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J.M. Swafford ◽  
Shane P. Hussey ◽  
Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
New Hosts

AbstractTwo species of parasitic fungi from the phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids) are annihilating global amphibian populations. These chytrid species—Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans—have high rates of mortality and transmission. Upon establishing infection in amphibians, chytrids rapidly multiply within the skin and disrupt their hosts’ vital homeostasis mechanisms. Current disease models suggest that chytrid fungi locate and infect their hosts during a motile, unicellular ‘zoospore’ life stage. Moreover, other chytrid species parasitize organisms from across the tree of life, making future epidemics in new hosts a likely possibility. Efforts to mitigate the damage and spread of chytrid disease have been stymied by the lack of knowledge about basic chytrid biology and tools with which to test molecular hypotheses about disease mechanisms. To overcome this bottleneck, we have developed high-efficiency delivery of molecular payloads into chytrid zoospores using electroporation. Our electroporation protocols result in payload delivery to between 75-97% of living cells of three species: B. dendrobatidis, B. salamandrivorans, and a non-pathogenic relative, S. punctatus. This method lays the foundation for molecular genetic tools needed to establish ecological mitigation strategies and answer broader questions in evolutionary and cell biology.

scholarly journals Simplified Methodology for a Modular and Genetically Expanded Protein Synthesis in Cell-Free Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Chemla ◽  
Eden Ozer ◽  
Michael Shaferman ◽  
Ben Zaad ◽  
Rambabu Dandela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Genetic Code ◽  
Unnatural Amino Acids ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Reporter Protein ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Genetic Code Expansion

ABSTRACTGenetic code expansion, which enables the site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins, has emerged as a new and powerful tool for protein engineering. Currently, it is mainly utilized inside living cells for a myriad of applications. However, utilization of this technology in a cell-free, reconstituted platform has several advantages over living systems. The common limitations to the employment of these systems are the laborious and complex nature of its preparation and utilization. Herein, we describe a simplified method for the preparation of this system from Escherichia coli cells, which is specifically adapted for the expression of the components needed for cell-free genetic code expansion. In addition, we propose and demonstrate a modular approach to its utilization. By this approach, it is possible to prepare and store different extracts, harboring various translational components, and mix and match them as needed for more than four years retaining its high efficiency. We demonstrate this with the simultaneous incorporation of two different unnatural amino acids into a reporter protein. Finally, we demonstrate the advantage of cell-free systems over living cells for the incorporation of δ-thio-boc-lysine into ubiquitin by using the methanosarcina mazei wild-type pyrrolysyl tRNACUA and tRNA-synthetase pair, which can not be achieved in a living cell.

scholarly journals Theoretical substantiation of the influence of electric pulse processing on the process of obtaining juice from grapes and fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04086
Author(s):  
Nodir Eshpulatov ◽  
Tolib Khalmuradov ◽  
Rakhmаnberdi Khalilov ◽  
Abdulkhay Obidov ◽  
Sobir Nurmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Pulse Discharge ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Energy Effect ◽  
Pulse Processing ◽  
Short Period

The article presents the theoretical basis of the effect of electrical pulse processing on the process of obtaining juice from grapes and fruits. High-voltage pulsed electrical processing technology for biological products has a higher damaging effect on living cells than other electrical effects, and this can be achieved due to the passage of large discharges of current through tissues and cells in a short period of time. It has been found that high efficiency in killing living cells by secretion can be achieved as a result of a pulsed energy effect. In order to develop energy-efficient electrical technology for extracting juice from fruits and grapes, it has been found that high-voltage electric pulse discharge treatment of grapes and apples before extracting juice has a good effect. Analytical expressions between electrical impulse processing parameters (pulse energy and capacitor capacity) and juice output were determined. The degree of damage to fruit and grape cells depends on the capacitance of the capacitor, the discharge voltage, and the number of pulses.

scholarly journals High-efficiency electroporation of chytrid fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. M. Swafford ◽  
Shane P. Hussey ◽  
Lillian K. Fritz-Laylin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
New Hosts

Abstract Two species of parasitic fungi from the phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids) are annihilating global amphibian populations. These chytrid species—Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans—have high rates of mortality and transmission. Upon establishing infection in amphibians, chytrids rapidly multiply within the skin and disrupt their hosts’ vital homeostasis mechanisms. Current disease models suggest that chytrid fungi locate and infect their hosts during a motile, unicellular ‘zoospore’ life stage. Moreover, other chytrid species parasitize organisms from across the tree of life, making future epidemics in new hosts a likely possibility. Efforts to mitigate the damage and spread of chytrid disease have been stymied by the lack of knowledge about basic chytrid biology and tools with which to test molecular hypotheses about disease mechanisms. To overcome this bottleneck, we have developed high-efficiency delivery of molecular payloads into chytrid zoospores using electroporation. Our electroporation protocols result in payload delivery to between 75 and 97% of living cells of three species: B. dendrobatidis, B. salamandrivorans, and a non-pathogenic relative, Spizellomyces punctatus. This method lays the foundation for molecular genetic tools needed to establish ecological mitigation strategies and answer broader questions in evolutionary and cell biology.

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