Self-organization in phase separation of a lyotropic liquid crystal into cellular, network and droplet morphologies

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Iwashita ◽  
Hajime Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Lyotropic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Self Organization

Incorporation of Carbon Nanotubes into a Lyotropic Liquid Crystal by Phase Separation in the Presence of a Hydrophilic Polymer

Langmuir ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 3562-3568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xin ◽  
Hongguang Li ◽  
Stefan A. Wieczorek ◽  
Tomasz Szymborski ◽  
Ewelina Kalwarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Lyotropic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer

Self-Organization of a Dinuclear Metal Complex in Lyotropic Liquid Crystal:  Ribbonlike Supramolecular Assemblies

Langmuir ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5631-5635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoko Imae ◽  
Yoshiteru Ikeda ◽  
Masayasu Iida ◽  
Norio Koine ◽  
Sumio Kaizaki
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Supramolecular Assemblies ◽  
Lyotropic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Self Organization

scholarly journals Two helices from one chiral centre – self organization of disc shaped chiral nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanan Yu ◽  
Wentao Qu ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Georg H. Mehl
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Helix Formation ◽  
Chiral Nematic

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) were surface functionalized with hexanethiol groups and chiral nematic discogen ligands. A superlattice, liquid crystal behaviour and helix formation of the discs and a second helical organisation of the NPs were detected.

scholarly journals Influence of Salt on the Self-Organization in Solutions of Star-Shaped Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline and Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine on Heating

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Tatyana Kirila ◽  
Anna Smirnova ◽  
Alla Razina ◽  
Andrey Tenkovtsev ◽  
Alexander Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Phase Separation Temperature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Separation Temperature ◽  
Water Salt

The water–salt solutions of star-shaped six-arm poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazines and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazolines were studied by light scattering and turbidimetry. The core was hexaaza[26]orthoparacyclophane and the arms were poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazine, poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazine, poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline. NaCl and N-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate were used as salts. Their concentration varied from 0–0.154 M. On heating, a phase transition was observed in all studied solutions. It was found that the effect of salt on the thermosensitivity of the investigated stars depends on the structure of the salt and polymer and on the salt content in the solution. The phase separation temperature decreased with an increase in the hydrophobicity of the polymers, which is caused by both a growth of the side radical size and an elongation of the monomer unit. For NaCl solutions, the phase separation temperature monotonically decreased with growth of salt concentration. In solutions with methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, the dependence of the phase separation temperature on the salt concentration was non-monotonic with minimum at salt concentration corresponding to one salt molecule per one arm of a polymer star. Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline stars with a hexaaza[26]orthoparacyclophane core are more sensitive to the presence of salt in solution than the similar stars with a calix[n]arene branching center.

Inverse Ostwald Ripening and Self-Organization of Nanoclusters due to Ion Irradiation

2000 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. Heinig ◽  
B. Schmidt ◽  
M. Strobel ◽  
H. Bernas
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Thermodynamical Equilibrium ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
Thermally Activated

AbstractUnder ion irradiation collisional mixing competes with phase separation if the irradiated solid consists of immiscible components. If a component is a chemical compound, there is another competition between the collisional forced chemical dissociation of the compound and its thermally activated re-formation. Especially at interfaces between immiscible components, irradiation processes far from thermodynamical equilibrium may lead to new phenomena. If the formation of nanoclusters (NCs) occurs during ion implantation, the phase separation caused by ion implantation induced supersaturation can be superimposed by phenomena caused by collisional mixing. In this contribution it will be studied how collisional mixing during high-fluence ion implantation affects NC synthesis and how ion irradiation through a layer of NCs modifies their size and size distribution. Inverse Ostwald ripening of NCs will be predicted theoretically and by kinetic lattice Monte-Carlo simulations. The mathematical treatment of the competition between irradiation-induced detachment of atoms from clusters and their thermally activated diffusion leads to a Gibbs-Thomson relation with modified parameters. The predictions have been confirmed by experimental studies of the evolution of Au NCs in SiO2 irradiated by MeV ions. The unusual behavior results from an effective negative capillary length, which will be shown to be the reason for inverse Ostwald ripening. Another new phenomenon to be addressed is self-organization of NCs in a d-layer parallel to the Si/SiO2 interface. Such d-layers were found when the damage level at the interface was of the order of 1-3 dpa. It will be discussed that the origin of the d-layer of NCs can be assigned to two different mechanisms: (i) The negative interface energy due to collisional mixing gives rise to the formation of tiny clusters of substrate material in front of the interface, which promotes heteronucleation of the implanted impurities. (ii) Collisional mixing in the SiO2produces diffusing oxygen, which may be consumed by the Si/SiO2 interface. A thin layer parallel to the interface becomes denuded of diffusing oxygen, which results in a strong pile up of Si excess. This Si excess promotes heteronucleation too. Independent of the dominating mechanism of self-organization of a d-layer of NCs, its location in SiO2 close to the SiO2/Si interface makes it interesting for non-volatile memory application.

Lamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases as a Carrier for Skin Delivery of Morus alba Stem Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Chein Yhirayha ◽  
Sakchai Wittaya-Areekul ◽  
Tasana Pitaksuteepong
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Lyotropic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Mixed Surfactant ◽  
Skin Delivery ◽  
Stem Extract

Morus alba stem extract possesses several biological activities. However, skin delivery of the extract is limited by the stratum corneum. In this study, lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) was investigated for the potential application in the skin delivery of M. alba stem extract. The four formulations were developed and incorporated with M. alba stem extract at 3% w/w. These formulations were stored at room temperature in light-protected containers for 3 months. The optical pattern under polarized light microscope, viscosity and remaining of the extract were determined. The skin penetration enhancing property of the formulations was investigated using excised porcine ear skin model. The results showed that all formulations remained stable after 3-month storage. The two formulations exhibiting good penetration enhancing properties were F3 consisting of PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate/n-Dodecane/Water/extract (55.29/19.40/22.31/3.00 %w/w) and F4 consisting of mixed Surfactant/n-Dodecane/Water/extract (48.50/4.85/43.65/3.00 %w/w). The mixed surfactant composed of PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate/PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil/Glyceryl oleate (40/33.24/26.76 %w/w). It can be concluded that the lamellar LLC formulations developed in this study can be used as a carrier for delivering of M. alba stem extract. The components of the formulations which play important roles are the oil and the surfactant.

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