scholarly journals IL-1 signaling modulates activation of STAT transcription factors to antagonize retinoic acid signaling and control the TH17 cell–iTreg cell balance

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajatava Basu ◽  
Sarah K Whitley ◽  
Suniti Bhaumik ◽  
Carlene L Zindl ◽  
Trenton R Schoeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Th17 Cell ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signaling ◽  
Itreg Cell ◽  
Cell Balance ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Essential Roles of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Interdigital Apoptosis and Control of BMP-7 Expression in Mouse Autopods

1999 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Dupé ◽  
Norbert B. Ghyselinck ◽  
Vilmos Thomazy ◽  
László Nagy ◽  
Peter J.A. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signaling ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Vitamin A Rich Diet Diminishes Early Urothelial Carcinogenesis by Altering Retinoic Acid Signaling

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daša Zupančič ◽  
Jelena Korać-Prlić ◽  
Mateja Erdani Kreft ◽  
Lucija Franković ◽  
Katarina Vilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signaling ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Urinary bladder cancer is one of the leading malignancies worldwide, with the highest recurrence rates. A diet rich in vitamin A has proven to lower the risk of cancer, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. We found that vitamin A decreased urothelial atypia and apoptosis during early bladder carcinogenesis induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). Vitamin A did not alter urothelial cell desquamation, differentiation, or proliferation rate. Genes like Wnt5a, involved in retinoic acid signaling, and transcription factors Pparg, Ppara, Rxra, and Hoxa5 were downregulated, while Sox9 and Stra6 were upregulated in early urothelial carcinogenesis. When a vitamin A rich diet was provided during BBN treatment, none of these genes was up- or downregulated; only Lrat and Neurod1 were upregulated. The lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) enzyme that produces all-trans retinyl esters was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nuclei in urothelial cells as a consequence of BBN treatment regardless of vitamin A rich diet. A vitamin A-rich diet altered retinoic acid signaling, decreased atypia and apoptosis of urothelial cells, and consequently diminished early urothelial carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Aberrant regulation of retinoic acid signaling genes in cerebral arterio venous malformation nidus and neighboring astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Mary Thomas ◽  
Dhakshmi Sasankan ◽  
Sumi Surendran ◽  
Mathew Abraham ◽  
Arumugam Rajavelu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Immunofluorescence Staining ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signaling ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Cerebral arterio venous malformations (AVM) are a major causal factor for intracranial hemorrhage, which result in permanent disability or death. The molecular mechanisms of AVM are complex, and their pathogenesis remains an enigma. Current research on cerebral AVM is focused on characterizing the molecular features of AVM nidus to elucidate the aberrant signaling pathways. The initial stimuli that lead to the development of AVM nidus structures between a dilated artery and a vein are however not known. Methods In order to understand the molecular basis of development of cerebral AVM, we used in-depth RNA sequencing with the total RNA isolated from cerebral AVM nidus. Immunoblot and qRT-PCR assays were used to study the differential gene expression in AVM nidus, and immunofluorescence staining was used to study the expression pattern of aberrant proteins in AVM nidus and control tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression pattern of aberrant proteins in AVM nidus and control tissues. Results The transcriptome study has identified 38 differentially expressed genes in cerebral AVM nidus, of which 35 genes were upregulated and 3 genes were downregulated. A final modular analysis identified an upregulation of ALDH1A2, a key rate-limiting enzyme of retinoic acid signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that CYR61, a regulator of angiogenesis, and the target gene for retinoic acid signaling is upregulated in AVM nidus. We observed that astrocytes associated with AVM nidus are abnormal with increased expression of GFAP and Vimentin. Triple immunofluorescence staining of the AVM nidus revealed that CYR61 was also overexpressed in the abnormal astrocytes associated with AVM tissue. Conclusion Using high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis and immunostaining, we report deregulated expression of retinoic acid signaling genes in AVM nidus and its associated astrocytes and speculate that this might trigger the abnormal angiogenesis and the development of cerebral AVM in humans.

scholarly journals The role of Zic transcription factors in regulating hindbrain retinoic acid signaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danna L Drummond ◽  
Caroline S Cheng ◽  
Lyndsay G Selland ◽  
Jennifer C Hocking ◽  
Lisa B Prichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signaling

scholarly journals CDX4 regulates the progression of neural maturation in the spinal cord

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Joshi ◽  
Andrew J. Darr ◽  
Isaac Skromne
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signaling ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Differentiation Marker

ABSTRACTThe progressive maturation of cells down differentiation lineages is controlled by collaborative interactions between networks of extracellular signals and intracellular transcription factors. In the vertebrate spinal cord, FGF, Wnt and Retinoic Acid signaling pathways regulate the progressive caudal-to-rostral maturation of neural progenitors by regulating a poorly understood gene regulatory network of transcription factors. We have mapped out this gene regulatory network in the chicken pre-neural tube, identifying CDX4 as a dual-function core component that simultaneously regulates gradual loss of cell potency and acquisition of differentiation states: in a caudal-to-rostral direction, CDX4 represses the early neural differentiation marker Nkx1.2 and promotes the late neural differentiation marker Pax6. Significantly, CDX4 prevents premature PAX6-dependent neural differentiation by blocking Ngn2 activation. This regulation of CDX4 over Pax6 is restricted to the rostral pre-neural tube by Retinoic Acid signaling. Together, our results show that in the spinal cord, CDX4 is part of the gene regulatory network controlling the sequential and progressive transition of states from high to low potency during neural progenitor maturation. Given CDX well-known involvement in Hox gene regulation, we propose that CDX factors coordinate the maturation and axial specification of neural progenitor cells during spinal cord development.

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