scholarly journals Physical and neurobehavioral determinants of reproductive onset and success

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix R Day ◽  
Hannes Helgason ◽  
Daniel I Chasman ◽  
Lynda M Rose ◽  
Po-Ru Loh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Onset

scholarly journals Alcohol Dependence and Reproductive Onset: Findings in Two Australian Twin Cohorts

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Waldron ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Kathleen K. Bucholz ◽  
Pamela A. F. Madden ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Reproductive Onset

scholarly journals Diurnal Changes in Plasma Melatonin and the Timing of Reproductive Onset in Anestrous Sheep Fed Melatonin.

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohito KUSAKARI ◽  
Yuko TAJIMA ◽  
Shunsuke ITOH ◽  
Kazuhiro SEN-NA ◽  
Shin SERIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Reproductive Onset

The roles of light and the nucleus in the regulation of reproductive onset in Acetabularia acetabulum

Planta ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
René F. Kratz ◽  
Dina F. Mandoli
Keyword(s):  
Acetabularia Acetabulum ◽  
Reproductive Onset

scholarly journals Overexpression of Constans Homologs CO1 and CO2 Fails to Alter Normal Reproductive Onset and Fall Bud Set in Woody Perennial Poplar

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e45448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Yu Hsu ◽  
Joshua P. Adams ◽  
Kyoungok No ◽  
Haiying Liang ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Reproductive Onset

scholarly journals Exploring the genetic correlations of antisocial behavior and life history traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorim J. Tielbeek ◽  
J.C. Barnes ◽  
Arne Popma ◽  
Tinca J.C. Polderman ◽  
James J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Reproductive Onset ◽  
History Approach ◽  
Children Ever Born

AbstractPrior evolutionary theory provided reason to suspect that measures of development and reproduction would be correlated with antisocial behaviors in human and non-human species. Behavioral genetics has revealed that most quantitative traits are heritable, suggesting that these phenotypic correlations may share genetic etiologies. We use GWAS data to estimate the genetic correlations between various measures of reproductive development (N= 52,776 – 318,863) and antisocial behavior (N= 31,968). Our genetic correlation analyses demonstrate that alleles associated with higher reproductive output (number of children ever born, rg=0.50, p=.0065) were positively correlated with alleles associated with antisocial behavior, whereas alleles associated with more delayed reproductive onset (age of first birth, rg=-.64, p=.0008) were negatively associated with alleles linked to antisocial behavior. Ultimately, these findings coalesce with evolutionary theories suggesting that increased antisocial behaviors may partly represent a faster life history approach, which may be significantly calibrated by genes.

Coordination of cellular events that precede reproductive onset in Acetabularia acetabulum: evidence for a ‘loop’ in development

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1194
Author(s):  
L.L. Runft ◽  
D.F. Mandoli
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Structure ◽  
Acetabularia Acetabulum ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Cellular Volume ◽  
Adult Growth ◽  
Cell Age ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Reproductive Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Onset ◽  
Adult Phase

Amputated apices from vegetative wildtype cells of the uninucleate green alga Acetabularia acetabulum can differentiate a reproductive structure of ‘cap’ in the absence of the nucleus (Hammerling, J. (1932) Biologisches Zentralblatt 52, 42–61). To define the limits of the ability of wildtype cells to control reproductive differentiation, we determined when during development apices from wildtype cells first acquired the ability to make a cap in the absence of the nucleus and, conversely, when cells with a nucleus lost the ability to recover from the loss of their apices. To see when the apex acquired the ability to make a cap without the nucleus, we removed apices from cells varying either the developmental age of the cells or the cellular volume left with the apex. Cells must have attained the adult phase of development before the enucleate apex could survive amputation and make a cap. Apices removed from cells early in adult growth required more cell volume to make a cap without the nucleus than did apices removed from cells late in adult growth. To define the limits of the cell to recapitulate development when reproduction falters, we analyzed development in cells whose caps either had been amputated or had spontaneously aborted. After loss of the first cap, cells repeated part of vegetative growth and then made a second cap. The ability to make a second cap after amputation of the first one was lost 15–20 days after cap initiation. Our data suggest that internal cues, cell age and size, are used to regulate reproductive onset in Acetabularia acetabulum and add to our understanding of how reproduction is coordinated in this giant cell.

Nocturnal changes in serum melatonin during female puberty in rhesus monkeys: a longitudinal study

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Wilson ◽  
T. P. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Onset ◽  
Female Rhesus ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Diurnal concentrations of serum melatonin were determined longitudinally in female rhesus monkeys throughout sexual maturation to ascertain how levels varied with advancing age and reproductive onset. Females were housed either in outdoor enclosures (n = 8) exposed to ambient environmental conditions, or indoors (n = 4) under a photoperiod of 12 h light: 12 h darkness and fixed temperature of 20–23 °C. Animals were studied from immaturity (15 months) through first ovulation and were additionally compared with fully adult female rhesus monkeys (n = 5) studied during the annual breeding season. The diurnal melatonin pattern was described for the developing females in the summer, autumn and winter in 3 successive years from samples collected at 10.00, 18.00, 22.00, 02.00, 06.00 and 10.00 h. Nocturnal levels of melatonin declined significantly during development in both indoor- and outdoor-housed females with a progressive decrease up to 33 months of age. Daytime values were consistently low but exhibited a slight decline also with age. Nocturnal values in all months sampled fell significantly with greater decreases occurring at the earliest ages. Furthermore, superimposed upon this developmental change, animals housed outdoors responded to seasonal changes in photoperiod with diurnal increases in melatonin occurring after sunset. The females in the present study exhibited first ovulation at two distinct ages: 32–37 months ('early', n = 6) and 41–45 months ('later', n=5). One female did not ovulate within the study period. Although nocturnal levels of serum melatonin were similar between the two groups up to 29 months of age, a post-hoc analysis revealed that concentrations were significantly lower by 34 months of age for the early group, a time coincident with first ovulation. Nocturnal levels of melatonin remained high, relative to the early group, in the later ovulating females until 43 months of age, coincident with first ovulation for these animals. The diurnal pattern of serum melatonin at first ovulation, regardless of chronological age, was similar to that observed during the ovulatory season for adult female rhesus monkeys. These data suggest that nocturnal melatonin concentrations decline with advancing chronological age in prepubertal female rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, the timing of sexual maturation was inversely related to nocturnal melatonin. Whether this change in melatonin is causally related to reproductive onset or, rather, is a consequence of other factors regulating the occurrence of first ovulation remains to be determined. Furthermore, the observation that the melatonin rhythm in outdoor-housed females follows the prevailing photoperiod permits the hypothesis that this rhythm may mediate any photoperiodic effect on the seasonal occurrence of first ovulation characteristic of rhesus monkeys housed outdoors. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 553–562

scholarly journals The leaf economics spectrum’s morning coffee: plant size-dependent changes in leaf traits and reproductive onset in a perennial tree crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R Martin ◽  
Marney E Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Leaf Economics Spectrum ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Onset ◽  
Leaf Economics

Abstract Background and Aims Size-dependent changes in plant traits are an important source of intraspecific trait variation. However, there are few studies that have tested if leaf trait co-variation and/or trade-offs follow a within-genotype leaf economics spectrum (LES) related to plant size and reproductive onset. To our knowledge, there are no studies on any plant species that have tested whether or not the shape of a within-genotype LES that describes how traits covary across whole plant sizes, is the same as the shape of a within-genotype LES that represents environmentally driven trait plasticity. Methods We quantified size-dependent variation in eight leaf traits in a single coffee genotype (Coffea arabica var. Caturra) in managed agroecosystems with different environmental conditions (light and fertilization treatments), and evaluated these patterns with respect to reproductive onset. We also evaluated if trait covariation along a within-genotype plant-size LES differed from a within-genotype environmental LES defined with trait data from coffee growing in different environmental conditions. Key Results Leaf economics traits related to resource acquisition – maximum photosynthetic rates (A) and mass-based leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations – declined linearly with plant size. Structural traits – leaf mass, leaf thickness, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) – and leaf area increased with plant size beyond reproductive onset, then declined in larger plants. Three primary LES traits (mass-based A, leaf N and LMA) covaried across a within-genotype plant-size LES, with plants moving towards the ‘resource-conserving’ end of the LES as they grow larger; in coffee these patterns were nearly identical to a within-genotype environmental LES. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that a plant-size LES exists within a single genotype. Our findings indicate that in managed agroecosystems where resource availability is high the role of reproductive onset in driving within-genotype trait variability, and the strength of covariation and trade-offs among LES traits, are less pronounced compared with plants in natural systems. The consistency in trait covariation in coffee along both plant-size and environmental LES axes indicates strong constraints on leaf form and function that exist within plant genotypes.

scholarly journals Alcohol Dependence and Reproductive Onset in Women, Updated: Analyses of Research and State-Level Administrative Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Mary Waldron ◽  
Kathleen K. Bucholz ◽  
Pamela A. F. Madden ◽  
Andrew C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
Reproductive Onset
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