scholarly journals Rapid evolution of dispersal ability makes biological invasions faster and more variable

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad M. Ochocki ◽  
Tom E. X. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal

The evolution of dispersal traits based on diaspore features in South American populations of Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Dematteis ◽  
María S. Ferrucci ◽  
Juan P. Coulleri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
South American ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Dispersal Traits ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Populations

Plant invasion success is influenced by several driving factors such as the dispersal, environmental conditions and the species characteristics. In wind dispersed plants, the dispersal traits and the altitude are key for predicting dispersal ability. In this work, we estimated this feature in Senecio madagascariensis invasive populations from Argentina and Brazil using diaspore traits to understand its dynamics. Our results show that dispersal is strongly affected by the geographic conditions. We observed that in Argentinian populations growing at higher altitudes, selection favours larger seeds, which might favour seedling establishment over of longer dispersal distance. Conversely, populations grouped in lower altitudes show higher dispersal ability, probably due to the adaptation to environment and assortment of the better dispersal genotypes. In contrast, the Brazilian populations display rapid dispersal ability due to recent colonisation and multiple introductions. The variability in the gene pool could facilitate the occurrence of genotypes with greater dispersal, which could explain why these populations display greater dispersal ability than the Argentine ones. In conclusion, the phenotypic response to geographic conditions and the population density play an important role in the dispersion strategies in S. madagascariensis.

scholarly journals Diversification and the evolution of dispersal ability in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1675-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Willis ◽  
J. C. Hall ◽  
R. Rubio de Casas ◽  
T. Y. Wang ◽  
K. Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal

scholarly journals The Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail, Potamopyrgus Antipodarum, Reduces Growth of the Native Snail, Fossaria SP.

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Amy Krist ◽  
Mark Dybdahl
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail ◽  
The Impact

Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Hence, understanding the role of invasive species is of grave importance to managing and minimizing the impact of biological invasions. To date, the ecological impacts of biological invasions have received significant attention, but little effort has been made to address the evolutionary impact (Sakai et al. 2001, Cox 2004). This is despite the fact that evolutionary impacts are likely to be widespread; invasive species have been shown to alter patterns of natural selection or gene flow within native populations (Parker et al. 1999), and many of the best examples of rapid evolution involve invasive species interacting with native species (Reznick and Ghalambor 2001, Strauss et al. 2006). We have begun to address some of the evolutionary consequences of the invasion of the New Zealand mud snail, (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) on a species of native snail in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA).

scholarly journals Co-evolution of dispersal with social behaviour favours social polymorphism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Mullon ◽  
Laurent Keller ◽  
Laurent Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Social Polymorphism ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kin Structure ◽  
Social Behaviours

Dispersal determines gene flow among groups in a population and so plays a major role in many ecological and evolutionary processes, from biological invasions to species extinctions. Because patterns of gene flow shape kin structure, dispersal is also important to the evolution of social behaviours that influence reproduction and survival within groups. Conversely, dispersal patterns depend on kin structure and social behaviour. Dispersal and social behaviour therefore co-evolve but the nature and consequences of this interplay are not well understood. Here, we model this co-evolution and show that it readily leads to the emergence and maintenance of two broadly-defined social morphs: a sessile, benevolent morph expressed by individuals who tend to increase the fecundity of others within their group relative to their own; and a dispersive, self-serving morph expressed by individuals who tend to increase their own fecundity relative to others’ within their group. This social polymorphism arises as a consequence of a positive linkage between the loci responsible for dispersal and social behaviour, leading to benevolent individuals preferentially interacting with relatives and self-serving individuals with non-relatives. We find that this positive linkage is favoured under a large spectrum of conditions, which suggests that an association between dispersal proclivity and other social traits should be common in nature. In line with this prediction, dispersing individuals across a wide range of organisms have been reported to differ in their social tendencies from non-dispersing individuals.

scholarly journals Habitat stability affects dispersal and the ability to track climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hof ◽  
Martin Brändle ◽  
D. Matthias Dehling ◽  
Mariana Munguía ◽  
Roland Brandl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Habitat Persistence ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope Models ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope

Habitat persistence should influence dispersal ability, selecting for stronger dispersal in habitats of lower temporal stability. As standing (lentic) freshwater habitats are on average less persistent over time than running (lotic) habitats, lentic species should show higher dispersal abilities than lotic species. Assuming that climate is an important determinant of species distributions, we hypothesize that lentic species should have distributions that are closer to equilibrium with current climate, and should more rapidly track climatic changes. We tested these hypotheses using datasets from 1988 and 2006 containing all European dragon- and damselfly species. Bioclimatic envelope models showed that lentic species were closer to climatic equilibrium than lotic species. Furthermore, the models over-predicted lotic species ranges more strongly than lentic species ranges, indicating that lentic species track climatic changes more rapidly than lotic species. These results are consistent with the proposed hypothesis that habitat persistence affects the evolution of dispersal.

scholarly journals Spatial sorting as the spatial analogue of natural selection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L. Phillips ◽  
T. Alex Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Spatial Sorting ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Varying Environments ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dispersal Evolution

AbstractIn most systems, dispersal occurs despite clear fitness costs to dispersing individuals. Theory posits that spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality pushes dispersal rates to evolve towards zero, while temporal heterogeneity in habitat quality favours non-zero dispersal rates. One aspect of dispersal evolution that has received a great deal of recent attention is a process known as spatial sorting, which has been referred to as a “shy younger sibling” of natural selection. More precisely, spatial sorting is the process whereby variation in dispersal ability is sorted along density clines and will, in nature, often be a transient phenomenon. Despite this transience, spatial sorting is likely a general mechanism behind non-zero dispersal in spatiotemporally varying environments. While generally transient, spatial sorting is persistent on invasion fronts, where its effect cannot be ignored, causing rapid evolution of traits related to dispersal. Spatial sorting is described in several elegant models, yet these models require a high level of mathematical sophistication and are not accessible to most evolutionary biologists or their students. Here, we frame spatial sorting in terms of the classic haploid and diploid models of natural selection. We show that, on an invasion front, spatial sorting can be conceptualized precisely as selection operating through space rather than (as with natural selection) time, and that genotypes can be viewed as having both spatial and temporal aspects of fitness. The resultant model is strikingly similar to classic models of natural selection. This similarity renders the model easy to understand (and to teach), but also suggests that many established theoretical results around natural selection could apply equally to spatial sorting.

Comparisons through time and space suggest rapid evolution of dispersal behaviour in an invasive species

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Alford ◽  
Gregory P. Brown ◽  
Lin Schwarzkopf ◽  
Benjamin L. Phillips ◽  
Richard Shine
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Behaviour ◽  
Invasion Front ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Free Ranging

During a biological invasion, we expect that the expanding front will increasingly become dominated by individuals with better dispersal abilities. Over many generations, selection at the invasion front thus will favour traits that increase dispersal rates. As a result of this process, cane toads (Bufo marinus) are now spreading through tropical Australia about 5-fold faster than in the early years of toad invasion; but how have toads changed to make this happen? Here we present data from radio-tracking of free-ranging cane toads from three populations (spanning a 15-year period of the toads’ Australian invasion, and across 1800 km). Our data reveal dramatic shifts in behavioural traits (proportion of nights when toads move from their existing retreat-site to a new one, and distance between those successive retreat-sites) associated with the rapid acceleration of toad invasion. Over a maximum period of 70 years (~50 generations), cane toads at the invasion front in Australia apparently have evolved such that populations include a higher proportion of individuals that make long, straight moves.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Isolation and the Evolution of Behaviors Influencing Dispersal: Rheotaxis of Guppies above Waterfalls

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Léa Blondel ◽  
Sandra Klemet-N’Guessan ◽  
Marilyn E. Scott ◽  
Andrew P. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
Dispersal Traits ◽  
Two Populations

Populations that are asymmetrically isolated, such as above waterfalls, can sometimes export emigrants in a direction from which they do not receive immigrants, and thus provide an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of dispersal traits. We investigated the rheotaxis of guppies above barrier waterfalls in the Aripo and Turure rivers in Trinidad—the later having been introduced in 1957 from a below-waterfall population in another drainage. We predicted that, as a result of strong selection against downstream emigration, both of these above-waterfall populations should show strong positive rheotaxis. Matching these expectations, both populations expressed high levels of positive rheotaxis, possibly reflecting contemporary (rapid) evolution in the introduced Turure population. However, the two populations used different behaviors to achieve the same performance of strong positive rheotaxis, as has been predicted in the case of multiple potential evolutionary solutions to the same functional challenge (i.e., “many-to-one mapping”). By contrast, we did not find any difference in rheotactic behavior above versus below waterfalls on a small scale within either river, suggesting constraints on adaptive divergence on such scales.

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