The Drosophila immune response against Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by a peptidoglycan recognition protein

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 416 (6881) ◽  
pp. 640-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Gottar ◽  
Vanessa Gobert ◽  
Tatiana Michel ◽  
Marcia Belvin ◽  
Geoffrey Duyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein ◽  
Recognition Protein

scholarly journals Host PGRP Gene Expression and Bacterial Release in Endosymbiosis of the Weevil Sitophilus zeamais

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 6766-6772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Anselme ◽  
Agnès Vallier ◽  
Séverine Balmand ◽  
Marie-Odile Fauvarque ◽  
Abdelaziz Heddi
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Imd Pathway

ABSTRACT Intracellular symbiosis (endosymbiosis) with gram-negative bacteria is common in insects, yet little is known about how the host immune system perceives the endosymbionts and controls their growth and invasion without complete bacterial clearance. In this study, we have explored the expression of a peptidoglycan recognition protein gene of the weevil Sitophilus zeamais (wPGRP); an ortholog in Drosophila (i.e., PGRP-LB) was recently shown to downregulate the Imd pathway (A. Zaidman-Remy, M. Herve, M. Poidevin, S. Pili-Floury, M. S. Kim, D. Blanot, B. H. Oh, R. Ueda, D. Mengin-Lecreulx, and B. Lemaitre, Immunity 24:463-473, 2006). Insect challenges with bacteria have demonstrated that wPGRP is induced by gram-negative bacteria and that the level of induction depends on bacterial growth. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR quantification of the wPGRP gene transcript performed at different points in insect development has shown a high steady-state level in the bacteria-bearing organ (the bacteriome) of larvae and a high level of wPGRP up-regulation in the symbiotic nymphal phase. Concomitantly, during this stage fluorescence in situ hybridization has revealed an endosymbiont release from the host bacteriocytes. Together with the previously described high induction level of endosymbiont virulence genes at the nymphal phase (C. Dale, G. R. Plague, B. Wang, H. Ochman, and N. A. Moran, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:12397-12402, 2002), these findings indicate that insect mutualistic relationships evolve through an interplay between bacterial virulence and host immune defense and that the host immunity engages the PGRP gene family in that interplay.

Lipopolysaccharide: a tool and target in enterobacterial vaccine development

2008 ◽  
Vol 389 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Nagy ◽  
Tibor Pál
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Live Vaccine Strain ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Alternative Approaches

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential component of Gram-negative bacteria. While mutants exhibiting truncated LPS molecules are usually over-attenuated, alternative approaches that affect the extent or timing of LPS expression, as well as its modification may establish the optimal balance for a live vaccine strain of sufficient attenuation and retained immunogenicity. On the other hand, a specific immune response to LPS molecules in itself is capable of conferring protective immunity to certain enterobacterial pathogens. Therefore, purified LPS derivatives could be used as parenteral vaccines. This review summarizes various LPS-based vaccination strategies, as well as approaches that utilize LPS mutants as whole-cell vaccines.

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