scholarly journals A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature

Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 554 (7693) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vanlandewijck ◽  
Liqun He ◽  
Maarja Andaloussi Mäe ◽  
Johanna Andrae ◽  
Koji Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Author Correction: A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature

Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 560 (7716) ◽  
pp. E3-E3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vanlandewijck ◽  
Liqun He ◽  
Maarja Andaloussi Mäe ◽  
Johanna Andrae ◽  
Koji Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Expanding Cell Diversity of the Brain Vasculature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayden M. Ross ◽  
Chang Kim ◽  
Denise Allen ◽  
Elizabeth E. Crouch ◽  
Kazim Narsinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Vascular Cell ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Cell Diversity ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Neurologic Function ◽  
The Brain

The cerebrovasculature is essential to brain health and is tasked with ensuring adequate delivery of oxygen and metabolic precursors to ensure normal neurologic function. This is coordinated through a dynamic, multi-directional cellular interplay between vascular, neuronal, and glial cells. Molecular exchanges across the blood–brain barrier or the close matching of regional blood flow with brain activation are not uniformly assigned to arteries, capillaries, and veins. Evidence has supported functional segmentation of the brain vasculature. This is achieved in part through morphologic or transcriptional heterogeneity of brain vascular cells—including endothelium, pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle. Advances with single cell genomic technologies have shown increasing cell complexity of the brain vasculature identifying previously unknown cell types and further subclassifying transcriptional diversity in cardinal vascular cell types. Cell-type specific molecular transitions or zonations have been identified. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence for the expanding vascular cell diversity in the brain and how this may provide a cellular basis for functional segmentation along the arterial-venous axis.

scholarly journals Endothelial cell-type-specific molecular requirements for angiogenesis drive fenestrated vessel development in the brain

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Parab ◽  
Rachael E Quick ◽  
Ryota L Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Vessel Development ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Vessel

Vascular endothelial cells (vECs) in the brain exhibit structural and functional heterogeneity. Fenestrated, permeable brain vasculature mediates neuroendocrine function, body-fluid regulation, and neural immune responses; however, its vascular formation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that specific combinations of vascular endothelial growth factors (Vegfs) are required to selectively drive fenestrated vessel formation in the zebrafish myelencephalic choroid plexus (mCP). We found that the combined, but not individual, loss of Vegfab, Vegfc, and Vegfd causes severely impaired mCP vascularization with little effect on neighboring non-fenestrated brain vessel formation, demonstrating fenestrated-vEC-specific angiogenic requirements. This Vegfs-mediated vessel-selective patterning also involves Ccbe1. Expression analyses, cell-type-specific ablation, and paracrine activity-deficient vegfc mutant characterization suggest that vEC-autonomous Vegfc and meningeal fibroblast-derived Vegfab and Vegfd are critical for mCP vascularization. These results define molecular cues and cell types critical for directing fenestrated CP vascularization and indicate that vECs’ distinct molecular requirements for angiogenesis underlie brain vessel heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Broad transcriptional dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Yang ◽  
Fabian Kern ◽  
Patricia M. Losada ◽  
Christina A. Maat ◽  
Georges Schmartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Dysregulation ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Single Nucleus ◽  
Plexus Cell ◽  
Peripheral Immune Cells ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThough SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, it is increasingly appreciated that patients may suffer neurological symptoms of varied severity1–3. However, an unbiased understanding of the molecular processes across brain cell types that could contribute to these symptoms in COVID-19 patients is still missing. Here, we profile 47,678 droplet-based single-nucleus transcriptomes from the frontal cortex and choroid plexus across 10 non-viral, 4 COVID-19, and 1 influenza patient. We complement transcriptomic data with immunohistochemical staining for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. We find that all major cortex parenchymal and choroid plexus cell types are affected transcriptionally with COVID-19. This arises, in part, from SARS-CoV-2 infection of the cortical brain vasculature, meninges, and choroid plexus, stimulating increased inflammatory signaling into the brain. In parallel, peripheral immune cells infiltrate the brain, microglia activate programs mediating the phagocytosis of live neurons, and astrocytes dysregulate genes involved in neurotransmitter homeostasis. Among neurons, layer 2/3 excitatory neurons—evolutionarily expanded in humans4—show a specific downregulation of genes encoding major SNARE and synaptic vesicle components, predicting compromised synaptic transmission. These perturbations are not observed in terminal influenza. Many COVID-19 gene expression changes are shared with those in chronic brain disorders and reside in genetic variants associated with cognitive function, schizophrenia, and depression. Our findings and public dataset provide a molecular framework and new opportunities to understand COVID-19 related neurological disease.

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