scholarly journals Erratum: Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 443 (7111) ◽  
pp. 598-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pagani ◽  
◽  
Nikolai Pedentchouk ◽  
Matthew Huber ◽  
Appy Sluijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Arctic Hydrology

Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 442 (7103) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pagani ◽  
◽  
Nikolai Pedentchouk ◽  
Matthew Huber ◽  
Appy Sluijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Arctic Hydrology

RESPONSE OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON TO PALEOCENE–EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM IN NORTHERN IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050001
Author(s):  
RAGHDA SAAD AL-HYALY ◽  
OMAR AHMED AL-BADRANI
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Calcareous Nannoplankton ◽  
Geological Record ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Thermal Maximum

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was an abrupt global warming event in the geological record. Based on calcareous nannofossils from thirteen samples of Aaliji Formation from K-116 well, Northern Iraq, sixty species are identified and can be used to divide the studied section into five biozones. Especially, the transition in the Discoaster multiraditus Biozone (CP8) occurred which is marked by higher speciation for calcareous nannofossils and the occurrences of Discoaster Tan. Such atransition is closely related to global warming during the transition from Paleocene to Eocene.

Stratigraphic and sedimentological aspects of the worldwide distribution of Apectodinium in Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum deposits

2021 ◽  
pp. SP511-2020-46
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Denison
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Carbon Isotope Excursion ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Data Gap

AbstractThe Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by pronounced global warming and associated environmental changes. In the more-or-less two decades since prior regional syntheses of Apectodinium distribution at the PETM, extensive biological and geochemical datasets have elucidated the effect of rising world temperatures on climate and the biome. A Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) that marks the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (PEB) is associated with an acme of marine dinocysts of the genus Apectodinium in many locations. Distinctive foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil populations may also be present.For this up-dated, dinocyst-oriented view of the PETM, data from worldwide locations have been evaluated with an emphasis on stratigraphic and sedimentological context. What has emerged is that a change in lithology is common, often to a distinctive siltstone or claystone unit, which contrasts with underlying and overlying lithotypes. This change, present in shallow marine/coastal settings and in deepwater turbidite deposits, is attributed to radical modifications of precipitation and erosional processes. An abrupt boundary carries the implication that some time (of unknowable duration) is potentially missing, which then requires caution in the interpretation of the pacing of events in relation to that boundary. In most instances an ‘abrupt’ or ‘rapid’ CIE onset can be attributed to a data gap at a hiatus, particularly in shallow shelf settings where transgression resulted from sea-level rise associated with the PETM. Truly gradational lower boundaries of the PETM interval are quite unusual, and if present, are poorly known so far. Gradational upper boundaries are more common, but erosional upper boundaries have been reported.Taxonomic changes have been made to clarify identification issues that have adversely impacted some biostratigraphic interpretations. Apectodinium hyperacanthum has been retained in Wetzeliella, its original genus. The majority of specimens previously assigned to Apectodinium hyperacanthum or Wetzeliella (Apectodinium) hyperacanthum have been re-assigned to an informal species, Apectodinium sp. 1. Dracodinium astra has been retained in its original genus as Wetzeliella astra, and is emended.

scholarly journals Rapid carbon injection and transient global warming during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stuijs ◽  
H. Brinkhuis
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Biotic Response ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Carbon Injection

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), ~55.5 Myr ago, was a geologically brief (~170 kyr) episode of globally elevated temperatures, which occurred superimposed on the long-term late Paleocene and early Eocene warming trend (Fig. 1). It was marked by a 5 – 8° C warming in both low and high-latitude regions, a perturbation of the hydrological cycle and major biotic response on land and in the oceans, including radiations, extinctions and migrations (see overviews in Bowen et al., 2006; Sluijs et al., 2007a).

scholarly journals Rapid and sustained environmental responses to global warming: The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum in the eastern North Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella W. Stokke ◽  
Morgan T. Jones ◽  
Lars Riber ◽  
Haflidi Haflidason ◽  
Ivar Midtkandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
North Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
The North ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ~ 55.9 Ma) was a period of rapid and sustained global warming associated with significant carbon emissions. It coincided with the North Atlantic opening and emplacement of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP), suggesting a possible causal relationship. Only a very limited number of PETM studies exist from the North Sea, despite its ideal position for tracking the impact of both changing climate and the NAIP explosive and effusive activity. Here we present sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical proxy data from Denmark in the eastern North Sea, exploring the environmental response to the PETM. An increase in the chemical index of alteration and a kaolinite content up to 50 % of the clay fraction indicate an influx of terrestrial input shortly after the PETM onset and during the recovery, likely due to an intensified hydrological cycle. The volcanically derived minerals zeolite and smectite comprise up to 36 % and 90 % of the bulk and clay mineralogy respectively, highlighting the NAIPs importance as a sediment source for the North Sea and in increasing the rate of silicate weathering during the PETM. XRF element core scans also reveal possible hitherto unknown NAIP ash deposition both prior to and during the PETM. Geochemical proxies show that an anoxic environment persisted during the PETM body, possibly reaching euxinic conditions in the upper half with high concentrations of Mo (> 30 ppm), S (~ 4 wt %), and pyrite (~ 7 % of bulk), and low Th/U (

scholarly journals Scaled biotic disruption during early Eocene global warming events

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1237-1257
Author(s):  
S. J. Gibbs ◽  
P. R. Bown ◽  
B. H. Murphy ◽  
A. Sluijs ◽  
K. M. Edgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Carbon Redistribution ◽  
Extinction Events

Abstract. Late Paleocene and early Eocene hyperthermals are transient global warming events associated with massive carbon injection or carbon redistribution in the ocean-atmosphere system, and are considered partial analogues for current anthropogenic climate change. Because the magnitude of carbon release varied between the events, they are natural experiments ideal for exploring the relationship between carbon cycle perturbations, climate change and biotic response. Here we quantify marine biotic variability through three million years of the early Eocene, including five hyperthermals, utilizing a method that allows us to integrate the records of different plankton groups through scenarios ranging from background to major extinction events. Our long-time-series calcareous nannoplankton record indicates a scaling of biotic disruption to climate change associated with the amount of carbon released during the various hyperthermals. Critically, only the three largest hyperthermals, the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2) and the I1 event, show above-background variance, suggesting that the magnitude of carbon input and associated climate change needs to surpass a threshold value to cause significant biotic disruption.

THE LATE PALEOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM: ANCIENT GLOBAL WARMING AT MODERN RATES?

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Bralower ◽  
Lisa Sloan ◽  
James Zachos
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Late Paleocene ◽  
Thermal Maximum

scholarly journals Mammal faunal response to the Paleogene hyperthermals ETM2 and H2

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1371-1405
Author(s):  
A. E. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Bighorn Basin ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
The South ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Early Eocene Climatic Optimum ◽  
South Central ◽  
Species Vulnerability ◽  
Thermal Maximum

Abstract. Scientists are increasingly turning to deep-time fossil records to decipher the long-term consequences of climate change in the race to preserve modern biotas from anthropogenically driven global warming. "Hyperthermals" are past intervals of geologically rapid global warming that provide the opportunity to study the effects of climate change on existing faunas over thousands of years. A series hyperthermals is known from the early Eocene (∼56–54 million years ago), including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and two subsequent hyperthermals, Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2) and H2. The later hyperthermals occurred following the onset of warming at the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), the hottest sustained period of the Cenozoic. The PETM has been comprehensively studied in marine and terrestrial settings, but the terrestrial biotic effects of ETM2 and H2 are unknown. Their geochemical signatures have been located in the northern part of the Bighorn Basin, WY, USA, and their levels can be extrapolated to an extraordinarily dense, well-studied terrestrial mammal fossil record in the south-central part of the basin. High-resolution, multi-parameter paleoecological analysis reveals significant peaks in species diversity and turnover and changes in abundance and relative body size at the levels of ETM2 and H2 in the south-central Bighorn Basin record. In contrast with the PETM, faunal change at the later hyperthermals is less extreme, does not include immigration and involves a proliferation of body sizes, although abundance shifts tend to favor smaller congeners. Faunal response at ETM2 and H2 is distinctive in its high proportion of species losses potentially related to heightened species vulnerability in response to the changes already underway at the beginning of the EECO. Faunal response at ETM2 and H2 is also distinctive in high proportions of beta richness, suggestive of increased geographic dispersal related to transient increases in habitat (floral) complexity and/or precipitation or seasonality of precipitation. These results suggest that rapid ecological changes, increased heterogeneity in species incidence, and heightened species vulnerability and loss may be expected across most of North America in the near future in response to anthropogenically-driven climate change.

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