scholarly journals Prevention of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome by use of high sodium concentration in the dialysate

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich K. Port ◽  
William J. Johnson ◽  
Donald W. Klass
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

A note on the response of growing rabbits to varying levels of sodium hydroxide-treated straw

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lindeman ◽  
T. D. A. Brigstocke ◽  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Development Unit ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

ABSTRACTTwo trials were conducted at the BOCM Silcock Development Unit at Stoke Mandeville. The first trial evaluated the response on doe and progeny, from mating to 8 weeks after parturition, of rabbit compound diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg. Performance data showed no detrimental effect of inclusion levels up to 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg despite its high sodium concentration.A second trial was made to ascertain whether these findings were due to the treated straw itself or to increasing sodium concentrations. A standard rabbit compound diet containing 2·5 g sodium per kg was compared with diets containing either 5·0 or 10·0 g sodium per kg, and with experimental compound diets containing either 80 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw or 80 g untreated straw per kg and both containing 2·5 g sodium per kg. Peak food conversion was estimated to occur at a dietary sodium concentration of 4·6g/kg, although the slope of the dose response curve was not statistically significant at the P ≤ level.The results indicate that compound diets containing up to 80 to lOOg sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg may be fed to rabbits and that inclusion of levels of up to 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg are not detrimental to performance. On the other hand, an inclusion of 80 g untreated ground straw per kg in compound diets for rabbits had a growth-depressing effect.

scholarly journals The Effect of High Sodium Concentration on the Action Potential of the Skate Heart

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issei Seyama ◽  
Hiroshi Irisawa
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

It already has been well documented that the maximum rate of depolarization and amplitude of action potentials are directly dependent on [Na+]o in the vertebrate myocardium. Almost all studies have been carried out at low sodium concentration ranges by substituting NaCl for other substances. Action potentials should be demonstrable in higher sodium concentrations, but cells are inevitably damaged by osmotic changes. The blood of elasmobranchs is nearly isosmotic with sea water, but NaCl accounts for 54.5% of the osmotic pressure and 38.7% of it is maintained by urea molecules. Utilizing this special situation in elasmobranchs, the effect of high sodium concentration was studied up to 170% of normal sodium concentration, while still retaining isosmotic condition. The rate of depolarization, amplitude, and duration of the myocardial action potential all increased in direct proportion to [Na+]o, and no depressant effect on transmembrane action potentials was observed in solutions of high sodium concentration. With regard to depolarization rate, the regression curve fitted by the least squares method passed through zero within two standard errors. At high sodium levels, the overshoot changed as expected theoretically, but at lower ranges it deviated from the theoretical values. [Na+]i, and [K+]i, in this tissue have been determined, and these data are explained on the basis of the Na theory.

HIGH SODIUM CONCENTRATION MODULATES DENDRITIC CELLS IMMUNE FUNCTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. e111
Author(s):  
S. Al-Hajj ◽  
A. Goumard ◽  
A. Heraud ◽  
S. Georgeault ◽  
J. Burlaud-Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

The non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water as a function of pH is expected to reflect the surface charge generated by the exposed chemical functions on the clean glas s surface. The variations in surface charge, generated by the exposed SiOH and aluminum oxide groups, is expected to give rise to fea-tures representing the surface chemistry of the clean glass. The scatter i n the data shown in Figures 4 and 5 allows only general trends to be discerned. The p.z.c.'s at pH 3 and 9 have been described in the preceding paragraphs. It is interesting to note that the chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces behave in a similar manner, showing virtually identical trends. The pyrolysis cleaned glass surfaces show dif-ferences in their behavior across the different glass compositions. These trends correlate with those observed for organic contamination of these surfaces, as de-scribed in Section 3.1, where the chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces all showed similar behavior, while the pyrolyzed glass showed significant differences in its sensitivity to contamination. In particular, the pyrolyzed silica surface shows far lower non-dispersive interaction energy with water than the pyrolyzed Corning code 1737 or sodalime glasses. This features correlates with the high degree of adsorbed contamination, described in Section 3.1, for the pyrolyzed silica surface. The datum in Figure 5 for the non-dispersive interaction energy between a py-rolyzed silica surface and water at pH 7 corresponds to a contact angle of 31°. This is significantly higher than the contact angle of water on a pyrolyzed silica surface freshly immersed into liquid octane. While the surface cleanliness was measured after cleaning, it was not measured after substrate immersion in the acidic or alkaline solutions. It is possible that the comparatively low non-dispersive interaction energy observed for pyrolyzed silica is partially an artifact caused by contamination of the cleaned silica before immersion into liquid oc-tane. Figure 4 shows similar behavior fo r the glass surfaces, suggesting that the alu-minoborosilicate and sodalime glasses show behavior similar to that of a silica surface. This phenomenon may be due to the leaching of soluble alkaline oxides from the glass surfaces during chromic acid cleaning, leaving a surface enriched in silica that behaves essentially in the same way as a chromic acid cleaned silica surface. In Figure 5, the minimum in the non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water at pH 9 is not present for pyrolyzed sodalime glass. This mini-mum was presumed to be associated with a high sodium ion concentration in solution, neutralizing the SiO" groups at the glass surface. The presence of sodium oxide (see Table 1) in the sodalime glass composition may generate a high so-dium environment for the the silano l groups at the glass surface. The high sodium concentration in the glass may thus be equivalent to a high sodium concentration in solution, neutralizing the p.z.c.

2003 ◽  
pp. 111-113
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
High Sodium Concentration

Aorta Electrolytes of Hypotensive Potassium-Deficient Rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Charles Freed ◽  
Shirley St. George ◽  
Ray H. Rosenman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Arterial Tone

The hypotension of potassium-deficiency is associated with a decrease in aorta potassium concentration, the sodium content remaining unchanged, resulting in a high sodium/potassium ratio. Loss of arterial tone may result and thus contribute to the lowering of blood pressure. Cortisone administration to such rats does not alter the low aorta potassium content but appreciably reduces the sodium concentration. The return to a more normal sodium/potassium ratio in the aorta following cortisone may restore the arterial tone and thus explain the blood pressure rise to normal levels.

The relationship between mammary gland permeability and the factors related to mothers and their babies

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1108-1108
Author(s):  
B. Serim ◽  
A. Ozbek ◽  
M. Ormen ◽  
C. Ergin ◽  
A. Aydın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Past History ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Case Group ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Close Friendships ◽  
History Of ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionStudies have found that mothers normally have high sodium concentrations in their colostrum which shows a rapid decrease in the third day postpartum. A drop in breast milk sodium concentration is highly predictive for successful lactation.Objectives and aimsIn this study, the relationship between mammary gland permeability and the factors related to mothers and their babies were aimed to be investigated.MethodThe case group consisted of 150 consecutive healthy babies at postpartum 8–15 days. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and Relationship Scale Questionnaire were applied to the mothers. Milk samples from all mothers were collected. Weights of babies at first month were recorded.ResultsIn babies with higher Na concentrations and Na/K ratio in their mothers’ milk, were found to gain less weight at the end of first month and also they were the first babies of the families included in the study. Mothers with higher concentrations of Na in their milk thought they were not appropriate to have a child, had poorer relationships with their own mothers, stated that they had no close friendships and had a past history of mental disorders at significance limits. The EPDS and STAI-I scores of mothers with elevated milk Na concentrations found to be higher.ConclusionRegarding this study's results, the risk factors causing an increase in the permeability of the mammary glands were determined as thoughts of not being suitable for motherhood, symptoms of postpartum depression and high levels of anxiety for the mothers.

POTASSIUM STIMULATION OF OXIDATION AND PHOSPHORYLATION IN PIGEON-MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Marcus ◽  
J. F. Manery
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stimulation Of

With alpha-ketoglutarate as substrate and a hexokinase – glucose phosphate acceptor system, the rates of oxidation and phosphorylation of pigeon-muscle mitochondria were measured in media in which the proportion of potassium to sodium was varied. As the potassium concentration was elevated from 0 to about 70 mmoles/liter, the sodium concentration was correspondingly decreased. With both the Warburg apparatus and the polarograph, the rate of respiration was shown to rise as the proportion of potassium in the medium was increased. The mean rate in the high-potassium media was 130% of that in the high-sodium media over the five-minute period measured with the oxygen electrode, and 135% over the thirty-minute period measured by Warburg manometry. The rate of phosphorylation was stimulated to an even greater extent than the rate of oxidation as sodium was replaced by potassium. In every preparation tested, the rates of phosphorylation and the P/O ratios were higher in the high-potassium media than in the high-sodium media.

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