scholarly journals Arterial waveform parameters in a large, population-based sample of adults: relationships with ethnicity and lifestyle factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Sluyter ◽  
A D Hughes ◽  
S A McG Thom ◽  
A Lowe ◽  
C A Camargo Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Pressure Amplitude ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption

Abstract Little is known about how aortic waveform parameters vary with ethnicity and lifestyle factors. We investigated these issues in a large, population-based sample. We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 4798 men and women, aged 50–84 years from Auckland, New Zealand. Participants were 3961 European, 321 Pacific, 266 Maori and 250 South Asian people. We assessed modifiable lifestyle factors via questionnaires, and measured body mass index (BMI) and brachial blood pressure (BP). Suprasystolic oscillometry was used to derive aortic pressure, from which several haemodynamic parameters were calculated. Heavy alcohol consumption and BMI were positively related to most waveform parameters. Current smokers had higher levels of aortic augmentation index than non-smokers (difference=3.7%, P<0.0001). Aortic waveform parameters, controlling for demographics, antihypertensives, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), were higher in non-Europeans than in Europeans. Further adjustment for brachial BP or lifestyle factors (particularly BMI) reduced many differences but several remained. Despite even further adjustment for mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, height and total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with Europeans, South Asians had higher levels of all measured aortic waveform parameters (for example, for backward pressure amplitude: β=1.5 mm Hg; P<0.0001), whereas Pacific people had 9% higher loge (excess pressure integral) (P<0.0001). In conclusion, aortic waveform parameters varied with ethnicity in line with the greater prevalence of CVD among non-white populations. Generally, this was true even after accounting for brachial BP, suggesting that waveform parameters may have increased usefulness in capturing ethnic variations in cardiovascular risk. Heavy alcohol consumption, smoking and especially BMI may partially contribute to elevated levels of these parameters.

scholarly journals Chronic heavy alcohol consumption influences the association between genetic variants of GCK or INSR and the development of diabetes in men: A 12-year follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Byul Jang ◽  
Min Jin Go ◽  
Sang Ick Park ◽  
Hye-Ja Lee ◽  
Seong Beom Cho
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Candidate Snps ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption

AbstractChronic heavy alcohol consumption is a risk factor for diabetes, which is characterized by impaired β-cell function and insulin resistance. We aimed to determine whether the longitudinal associations between genetic variants of glucokinase (GCK) and insulin receptor (INSR) and the risk of developing diabetes were influenced by chronic heavy alcohol consumption. Data were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. To identify candidate variants, 1,520 subjects (726 non-drinkers and 794 heavy drinkers) were included in the baseline cross-sectional study. After excluding patients with diabetes at baseline and those with insufficient data on diabetes incidence, prospective analyses were conducted in 773 subjects (353 non-drinkers and 420 heavy drinkers). In the baseline cross-sectional study, one SNP (rs758989) in GCK and four SNPs (rs7245757, rs1035942, rs1035940, and rs2042901) in INSR were selected as candidate SNPs that interact with alcohol to affect prediabetes and diabetes. We identified that these GCK and INSR polymorphisms are affected by chronic heavy alcohol consumption and have an effect on the incidence of diabetes. The incidence of diabetes was increased in chronic heavy alcohol drinkers carrying the C allele of GCK compared with never-drinkers with the C allele (HR, 2.15; 95% CI 1.30–3.57), and was increased in chronic heavy alcohol drinkers who were not carrying the INSR haplotype (−/−) compared with never-drinkers carrying the AACT haplotype (HR, 1.98; 95% CI 1.24–3.18). Moreover, we observed that the aggravating effects on the late insulin secretion (I/G120 and I/G AUC 60–120) in individuals who were chronic heavy drinkers with C allele of GCK. In the INSR haplotype, chronic heavy drinkers not carrying AACT were associated with lower disposition index. These results potentially suggest that chronic heavy alcohol consumption induce β-cell dysfunction partially mediated by decreased GCK expression or decline of insulin sensitivity via inhibition of INSR, thereby contributing to the development of diabetes.

Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of active tuberculosis in Taiwanese adults: a nation-wide population-based cohort study

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 2124-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Feng Yen ◽  
Hsiao-Yun Hu ◽  
Ya-Ling Lee ◽  
Po-Wen Ku ◽  
Pei-Hung Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Wide Population

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and risk of fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoli Cao ◽  
Tingzhuang Yi ◽  
Qianqian Liu ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Shaohui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption

Background Observational studies have shown inconsistent results regarding alcohol consumption and risk of fatty liver. We performed a meta-analysis of published literature to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and fatty liver disease (FLD). Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases, identifying studies that reported an association between alcohol consumption and the risk of FLD. Results A total of 16 studies with 76,608 participants including 13 cross-sectional studies, two cross-sectional following longitudinal studies, and one cohort study met the inclusion criteria. For light to moderate alcohol consumption (LMAC), there was a 22.6% reduction in risk of FLD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.774, 95% confidence interval CI [0.695–0.862], P <0.001), and subgroup analysis showed that a greater reduction in risk of FLD was found in the female drinkers (30.2%) and the drinkers with BMI ≥25 kg/m2(31.3%) compared with the male drinkers (22.6%) and the drinkers with BMI <25 kg/m2(21.3%), respectively. For heavy alcohol consumption, there was no significant influence on risk of FLD (OR = 0.869, 95% CI [0.553–1.364], P = 0.541) in Japanese women, but there was a 33.7% reduction in risk of FLD (OR = 0.663, 95% CI [0.574–0.765], P < 0.001) in Japanese men and a significant increased risk of FLD (OR = 1.785, 95% CI [1.064–2.996], P = 0.028) in Germans. Conclusion LMAC is associated with a significant protective effect on FLD in the studied population, especially in the women and obese population. However, the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on FLD remains unclear due to limited studies and small sample sizes.

scholarly journals Associations between occupation and heavy alcohol consumption in UK adults aged 40–69 years: a cross-sectional study using the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Thompson ◽  
Munir Pirmohamed
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between occupation and alcohol use offers opportunities to provide health promotion programmes based on evidence of need. We aimed to determine associations between occupation and heavy alcohol consumption in working individuals aged 40–69 years. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using 100,817 people from the UK Biobank: 17,907 participants categorised as heavy drinkers, defined as > 35 units/week for women and > 50 units/week for men, and 82,910 drinking controls. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs were calculated for gender-specific heavy drinking in 353 occupations using Standard Occupational Classification, V.2000. Results Seventy-seven occupations were associated with level of alcohol consumption in drinkers. The largest ratios for heavy drinkers were observed for publicans and managers of licenced premises (PR = 2.81, 95%CI 2.52–3.14); industrial cleaning process occupations (PR = 2.09, 1.33–3.28); and plasterers (PR = 2.07, 1.66–2.59). Clergy (PR = 0.20, 0.13–0.32); physicists, geologists and meteorologists (PR = 0.40, 0.25–0.65); and medical practitioners (PR = 0.40, 0.32–0.50) were least likely to be heavy drinkers. There was evidence of gender-specific outcomes with the proportion of jobs associated with heavy drinking accounted for by skilled trade occupations being 0.44 for males and 0.05 for females, and 0.10 for males and 0.40 for females when considering managers and senior officials. Conclusions In the largest study of its kind, we found evidence for associations between a wider variety of occupations and the risk of heavy alcohol consumption than identified previously, particularly in females, although causality cannot be assumed. These results help determine which jobs and broader employment sectors may benefit most from prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Aflatoxin B1 exposure and liver cirrhosis in Guatemala: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000380
Author(s):  
Christian S Alvarez ◽  
Elisa Hernández ◽  
Kira Escobar ◽  
Carmen I Villagrán ◽  
María F Kroker-Lobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption

ObjectiveIn Guatemala, cirrhosis is among the 10 leading causes of death, and mortality rates have increased lately. The reasons for this heavy burden of disease are not clear as the prevalence of prominent risk factors, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and heavy alcohol consumption, appears to be low. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure, however, appears to be high, and thus could be associated with the high burden of cirrhosis. Whether AFB1 increases the risk of cirrhosis in the absence of viral infection, however, is not clear.DesignCirrhosis cases (n=100) from two major referral hospitals in Guatemala City were compared with controls (n=200) from a cross-sectional study. Logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs of cirrhosis and quintiles of AFB1 in crude and adjusted models. A sex-stratified analysis was also conducted.ResultsThe median AFB1 level was significantly higher among the cases (11.4 pg/mg) than controls (5.11 pg/mg). In logistic regression analyses, higher levels of AFB1 was associated with cirrhosis (quintile 5 vs quintile 1, OR: 11.55; 95% CI 4.05 to 32.89). No attenuation was observed with adjustment by sex, ethnicity, hepatitis B virus status, and heavy alcohol consumption. A significantly increasing trend in association was observed in both models (p trend <0.01). Additionally, the cirrhosis–AFB1 association was more prominent among men.ConclusionsThe current study found a significant positive association between AFB1 exposure and cirrhosis. Mitigation of AFB1 exposure and a better understanding of additional risk factors may be important to reduce the burden of cirrhosis in Guatemala.

scholarly journals Coronary deaths during Midsummer festival in Finland: miseries of long, light nights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simo Näyhä
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Adverse Consequence ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Summer Peak ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption

AbstractThis paper examines whether the anomalous summer peak in deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Finland could be attributed to adverse effects of the Midsummer festival and alcohol consumption during the festival. Daily deaths from CHD and alcohol poisoning in Finland, 1961–2014, that occurred during the 7 days centering on Midsummer Day were analysed in relation to deaths during 14 to 4 days before and 4 to 14 after Midsummer Day. Daily counts of deaths from CHD among persons aged 35–64 years were regressed on days around the Midsummer period by negative binomial regression. Mortality from CHD was highest on Midsummer Day (RR 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.12–1.31), one day after the peak in deaths from alcohol poisonings. RR for CHD on Midsummer Day was particulary high (RR = 1.43; 1.09–1.86) in the 2000s, 30% of deaths being attributable to that day. In conclusion, the anomalous and prominent summer peak in deaths from CHD in Finland is an adverse consequence of the Midsummer festival. The most likely underlying reason is heavy alcohol consumption during the festival period, especially on Midsummer Eve. In the 2000s, one third of deaths from CHD on Midsummer Day are preventable.

Health and nutrition literacy in adults: Links with lifestyle factors and obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Maria Michou ◽  
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽  
Christos Lionis ◽  
Vassiliki Costarelli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Low Health Literacy (HL) and Nutrition Literacy (NL) are associated with serious negative health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate certain lifestyle factors and obesity, in relation to HL and NL. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban area of the Attica region, in Greece. The sample consisted of 1281 individuals, aged ≥18 years. HL, NL sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption,) were assessed. Mann-Whitney U, the Kruskall Wallis, Pearson chi-square tests and multiple linear regression models were used. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis has shown that smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity, were associated with HL levels (–1.573 points for ex-smokers in comparison to smokers, p = 0.035, –1.349 points for alcohol consumers in comparison to non-consumers, p = 0.006 and 1.544 points for physically active individuals to non-active, p = 0.001). With respect to NL levels, it was also not associated with any of these factors. Obesity was not associated with HL and NL levels. CONCLUSIONS: Certain lifestyle factors, including physical activity, are predicting factors of HL levels, in Greek adults. The results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between lifestyle factors and HL and should be taken into account when HL policies are designed.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Prevalence of Self-Reported Osteoporosis in Tehran: Results from a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study (Urban HEART-2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asadi-Lari ◽  
Y. Salimi ◽  
M. R. Vaez-Mahdavi ◽  
S. Faghihzadeh ◽  
A. A. Haeri Mehrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

scholarly journals Current Heavy Alcohol Consumption is Associated with Greater Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2435-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Woods ◽  
Eric C. Porges ◽  
Vaughn E. Bryant ◽  
Talia Seider ◽  
Assawin Gongvatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption
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