scholarly journals Reinvigorating exposure science through change

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Dana Boyd Barr
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Science

scholarly journals Key considerations for assessing soil ingestion exposures among agricultural workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara N. Lupolt ◽  
Jacqueline Agnew ◽  
Thomas A. Burke ◽  
Ryan David Kennedy ◽  
Keeve E. Nachman
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Soil Ingestion ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Exposure Science ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Science Methodology ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background Soil ingestion is a critical, yet poorly characterized route of exposure to contaminants, particularly for agricultural workers who have frequent, direct contact with soil. Objective This qualitative investigation aims to identify and characterize key considerations for translating agricultural workers’ soil ingestion experiences into recommendations to improve traditional exposure science tools for estimating soil ingestion. Methods We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with 16 fruit and vegetable growers in Maryland to characterize their behaviors and concerns regarding soil contact in order to characterize the nature of soil ingestion in the agricultural context. Results We identified and discussed four emergent themes: (1) variability in growers’ descriptions of soil and dust, (2) variability in growers’ soil contact, (3) growers’ concerns regarding soil contact, (4) growers’ practices to modify soil contact. We also identified environmental and behavioral factors and six specific agricultural tasks that may impact soil ingestion rates. Significance Our investigation fills an important gap in occupational exposure science methodology by providing four key considerations that should be integrated into indirect measurement tools for estimating soil ingestion rates in the agricultural context. Specifically, a task-based framework may provide a structure for future investigations of soil contact that may be useful in other populations.

scholarly journals Use of Activity Space in a Tuberculosis Outbreak: Bringing Homeless Persons Into Spatial Analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Claire Worrell ◽  
Michael Kramer ◽  
Aliya Yamin ◽  
Susan M. Ray ◽  
Neela D. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Health Department ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Activity Space ◽  
Exposure Science ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Space Analysis ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Density Methods ◽  
Us Cities ◽  
Traditional Surveillance

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) causes significant morbidity and mortality in US cities, particularly in poor, transient populations. During a TB outbreak in Fulton County, Atlanta, GA, we aimed to determine whether local maps created from multiple locations of personal activity per case would differ significantly from traditional maps created from single residential address. Methods Data were abstracted for patients with TB disease diagnosed in 2008–2014 and receiving care at the Fulton County Health Department. Clinical and activity location data were abstracted from charts. Kernel density methods, activity space analysis, and overlay with homeless shelter locations were used to characterize case spatial distribution when using single versus multiple addresses. Results Data were collected for 198 TB cases, with over 30% homeless US-born cases included. Greater spatial dispersion of cases was found when utilizing multiple versus single addresses per case. Activity spaces of homeless and isoniazid (INH)-resistant cases were more spatially congruent with one another than non-homeless and INH-susceptible cases (P < .0001 and P < .0001, respectively). Conclusions Innovative spatial methods allowed us to more comprehensively capture the geography of TB-infected homeless persons, who made up a large portion of the Fulton County outbreak. We demonstrate how activity space analysis, prominent in exposure science and chronic disease, supports that routine capture of multiple location TB data may facilitate spatially different public health interventions than traditional surveillance maps.

scholarly journals Preparedness and response to chemical and biological threats: the role of exposure science

2016 ◽  
Vol 1378 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Lioy ◽  
Jeffrey D. Laskin ◽  
Panos G. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Science

Exposure Science Applications and Uses

2014 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Paul Lioy ◽  
Clifford Weisel
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Science

scholarly journals Computational Exposure Science: An Emerging Discipline to Support 21st-Century Risk Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Egeghy ◽  
Linda S. Sheldon ◽  
Kristin K. Isaacs ◽  
Halûk Özkaynak ◽  
Michael-Rock Goldsmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Exposure Science

Exposure Science Research Design

2014 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Paul Lioy ◽  
Clifford Weisel
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Exposure Science
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