scholarly journals Resistance of Optogenetically Evoked Motor Function to Global Ischemia and Reperfusion in Mouse in Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicheng Xie ◽  
Shangbin Chen ◽  
Eitan Anenberg ◽  
Timothy H Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Global Ischemia ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Minute Period

Recently we have shown that despite reperfusion, sensory processing exhibits persistent deficits after global ischemia in a mouse in vivo model. We now address how motor output, specifically cortically evoked muscle activity, stimulated by channelrhodopsin-2 is affected by global ischemia and reperfusion. We find that the light-based optogenetic motor map recovers to 80% within an hour. Moreover, motor output recovers relatively faster and more completely than the sensory processing after 5-minute period of global ischemia. Our results suggest a differential sensitivity of sensory and motor systems to the effects of global ischemia and reperfusion that may have implications for rehabilitation.

Effects of the SOD mimetic, M40403, on prostaglandin production in an in vivo model of ischemia and reperfusion in rat heart

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (0) ◽  
pp. s23-s24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marzocca ◽  
A. Vannacci ◽  
S. Cuzzocrea ◽  
D. Salvemini ◽  
P. F. Mannaioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Heart ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Prostaglandin Production

Postconditioning fails to prevent radial artery endothelial dysfunction induced by ischemia and reperfusion: evidence from a human in vivo study

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Dragoni ◽  
Giuseppe Di Stolfo ◽  
Silvia Sicuro ◽  
Monica Lisi ◽  
John D. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dependent Flow

Animal studies have shown that, as compared with unrestricted reperfusion, exposure to brief periods of controlled ischemia (postconditioning) at the end of a prolonged ischemia reduces the extent of tissue damage. We set out to test whether postconditioning can prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by ischemia and reperfusion in a human in vivo model. Ten healthy young non-smoking volunteers were enrolled in this cross-over, controlled, investigator-blinded study. Subjects were exposed to 15 min of forearm ischemia followed by either unrestricted reperfusion or postconditioning (3 periods of 20 s of ischemia separated by 10 s of reperfusion). Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured at the level of the radial artery before and after ischemia (with or without postconditioning). Forearm ischemia blunted FMD in both study visits (unrestricted reperfusion visit: before ischemia, 7.7% ± 1.3%; after ischemia, 2.5% ± 1.4%; and postconditioning visit: before, 7.3% ± 1.2%; after, 2.6 ± 1.6%; P < 0.05 for both, P = not significant (NS) between visits). In contrast with data from animal studies, postconditioning (20 s ischemia – 10 s reperfusion repeated 3 times) does not limit post-ischemic endothelial dysfunction in this human in vivo model. Further human studies are necessary to evaluate other reperfusion protocols in an attempt to limit post-ischemic tissue damage.

scholarly journals Single cell and ensemble activity of lumbar intermediate and ventral horn interneurons in the spinal air-stepping cat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal McMahon ◽  
David P Kowalski ◽  
Alexander J Krupka ◽  
Michel A Lemay
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Step Cycle ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Adult Spinal Cord

We explored the relationship between population interneuronal network activation and motor output in the adult, in-vivo, air stepping, spinal cat. By simultaneously measuring the activity of large numbers of spinal interneurons, we explored ensembles of coherently firing interneurons and their relation to motor output. Additionally, the networks were analyzed in relation to their spatial distribution along the lumbar enlargement for evidence of localized groups driving particular phases of the locomotor step cycle. We simultaneously recorded hindlimb EMG activity during stepping and extracellular signals from 128 channels across two polytrodes inserted within lamina V-VII of two separate lumbar segments. Results indicated that spinal interneurons participate in one of two ensembles that are highly correlated with the flexor or the extensor muscle bursts during stepping. Interestingly, less than half of the isolated single units were significantly unimodally tuned during the step cycle while >97% of the single units of the ensembles were significantly correlated with muscle activity. These results show the importance of population scale analysis in neural studies of behavior as there is a much greater correlation between muscle activity and ensemble firing than between muscle activity and individual neurons. Finally, we show that there is no correlation between interneurons' rostrocaudal locations within the lumbar enlargement and their preferred phase of firing or ensemble participation. These findings indicate that spinal interneurons of lamina V-VII encoding for different phases of the locomotor cycle are spread throughout the lumbar enlargement in the adult spinal cord.

scholarly journals A Potent Protective Role of Lysophospholipids against Global Cerebral Ischemia and Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Neuronal Cultures

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Blondeau ◽  
Inger Lauritzen ◽  
Catherine Widmann ◽  
Michel Lazdunski ◽  
Catherine Heurteaux
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Global Ischemia ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Neuronal Cultures

Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are important intermediates in the synthesis and degradation of membrane phospholipids. Here we show that certain LPLs, particularly lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylinositol, prevent neuronal death both in an in vivo model of transient global ischemia and in an in vitro model of excitotoxicity using primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells exposed to high extracellular concentrations of glutamate (20–40 μmol/L). The intravenous injection of lysophosphatidylcholine or lysophosphatidylinositol at a concentration of 200 nmol/kg induced a survival of CA1 pyramidal neurons as high as approximately 95%, even when the treatment was started 30 minutes after 15-minute global ischemia. In contrast, lysophosphatidic acid induced no protection. This work also provides evidence that a pretreatment with lysophosphatidylcholine or lysophosphatidylinositol (200 nmol/kg) injected as long as 3 days before a severe 6-minute ischemia provided a potent tolerance against neurodegeneration. Neuroprotection was also observed in in vitro experiments with LPLs. Taken together, in vivo and in vitro data suggest a potential therapeutic use of LPLs as antiischemic compounds. The potential role of 2P-domain K+ channels as targets of LPLs in this potent neuroprotective effect is discussed.

Brain nitrite production during global ischemia and reperfusion: an in vivo microdialysis study

1996 ◽  
Vol 734 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Shibata ◽  
Nobuo Araki ◽  
Junichi Hamada ◽  
Takahiro Sasaki ◽  
Kunio Shimazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Global Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Nitrite Production ◽  
Microdialysis Study

Volumetric MRI analysis of hippocampal subregions in Cushing's disease: A model for glucocorticoid neural modulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Toffanin ◽  
F. Nifosì ◽  
H. Follador ◽  
A. Passamani ◽  
F. Zonta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Limbic Structure ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acth Secreting

AbstractSeveral preclinical studies have demonstrated neuronal effects of glucocorticoids on the hippocampus (HC), a limbic structure with anterior–posterior anatomical and functional segmentation. We propose a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis of hippocampus head (HH), body (HB) and tail (HT) using Cushing's disease (CD) as model, to investigate whether there is a differential sensitivity to glucocorticoid neuronal damage in these segments. We found a significant difference in the HH bilaterally after 12 months from trans-sphenoidal surgical selective resection of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary micro-adenomas. This pre–post surgery difference could contribute to better understand the pathopysiology of CD as an in vivo model for stress-related hypercortisolemic neuropsychiatric disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document