scholarly journals Regional Asymmetries of Cerebral Blood Flow, Blood Volume, and Oxygen Utilization and Extraction in Normal Subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel S. Perlmutter ◽  
William J. Powers ◽  
Peter Herscovitch ◽  
Peter T. Fox ◽  
Marcus E. Raichle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Sensorimotor Area ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Subcortical Regions

Positron emission tomography (PET) and 15O-labeled radiotracers were used to measure regional CBF, cerebral blood volume (CBV), CMRO2, and oxygen extraction in 32 right-handed subjects at rest. Mean left hemispheric CBF (46.2 ± 6.8 ml/100 g/min) and CMRO2 (2.60 ± 0.59 ml/100 g/min) were significantly lower than right hemispheric values (47.4 ± 7.2 and 2.66 ± 0.61 ml/100 g/min, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both), whereas left and right hemispheric CBV and oxygen extraction were not significantly different. We further investigated these asymmetries by comparing left- and right-sided values for specific cortical and subcortical regions. We found that left-sided CBF and CMRO2 were significantly lower than right-sided values for sensorimotor, occipital, and superior temporal regions, whereas only left-sided CBF values were lower for anterior cingulum. CBV was asymmetric for the anterior cingulate and midfrontal regions, and oxygen extraction was asymmetric for the sensorimotor area. No asymmetries were observed in inferior parietal cortex, thalamus, putamen, or pallidum. Knowledge of these normal physiological asymmetries is essential for proper interpretation of PET studies of physiology and pathology. Furthermore, the ability to detect asymmetries with PET may lead to a better understanding of the lateralization of specific functions in the human brain.

scholarly journals Effects of Acetazolamide on Cerebral Blood Flow, Blood Volume, and Oxygen Metabolism: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with Healthy Volunteers

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1472-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiko Okazawa ◽  
Hiroshi Yamauchi ◽  
Kanji Sugimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Toyoda ◽  
Yoshihiko Kishibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Capillary Blood Volume

To evaluate changes in cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism induced by acetazolamide in healthy subjects, positron emission tomography studies for measurement of cerebral perfusion and oxygen consumption were performed. Sixteen healthy volunteers underwent positron emission tomography studies with15O-gas and water before and after intravenous administration of acetazolamide. Dynamic positron emission tomography data were acquired after bolus injection of H215O and bolus inhalation of15O2. Cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate of oxygen, and arterial-to-capillary blood volume images were calculated using the three-weighted integral method. The images of cerebral blood volume were calculated using the bolus inhalation technique of C15O. The scans for cerebral blood flow and volume and metabolic rate of oxygen after acetazolamide challenge were performed at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after drug injection. The parametric images obtained under the two conditions at baseline and after acetazolamide administration were compared. The global and regional values for cerebral blood flow and volume and arterial-to-capillary blood volume increased significantly after acetazolamide administration compared with the baseline condition, whereas no difference in metabolic rate of oxygen was observed. Acetazolamide-induced increases in both blood flow and volume in the normal brain occurred as a vasodilatory reaction of functioning vessels. The increase in arterial-to-capillary blood volume made the major contribution to the cerebral blood volume increase, indicating that the raise in cerebral blood flow during the acetazolamide challenge is closely related to arterial-to-capillary vasomotor responsiveness.

Effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen utilization in humans

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Grubb ◽  
Marcus E. Raichle ◽  
John O. Eichling ◽  
Mokhtar H. Gado
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Volume

✓ Forty-five studies of regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and regional cerebral oxygen utilization (rCMRO2) were performed in 30 patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography for evaluation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Tracer methods employing radioactive oxygen-15 were used to measure rCBV, rCBF, and rCMRO2. The patient studies were divided into groups based on their neurological status and the presence or absence of cerebral vasospasm. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, with and without vasospasm, produced significant decreases in CBF and CMRO2. In general, patients with more severe neurological deficits, and patients with more severe degrees of vasospasm, had a more marked depression of CBF and CMRO2. The most striking finding was a significant (p < 0.001) increase in CBV (to 58% above normal) in patients with severe neurological deficits associated with severe cerebral vasospasm. This large increase suggests that cerebral vasospasm consists of constriction of the large, radiographically visible extraparenchymal vessels accompanied by a massive dilation of intraparenchymal vessels.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Measurements in Resting Human Subjects

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa J. Bartlett ◽  
Jonathan D. Brodie ◽  
Alfred P. Wolf ◽  
David R. Christman ◽  
Eugene Laska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism

Positron emission tomography with 11C-2-deoxyglucose was used to determine the test-retest variability of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in 22 young normal right-handed men scanned twice in a 24-h period under baseline (resting) conditions. To assess the effects of scan order and time of day on variability, 12 subjects were scanned in the morning and afternoon of the same day (a.m.-p.m.) and 10 in the reverse order (p.m.-a.m.) with a night in between. The effect of anxiety on metabolism was also assessed. Seventy-three percent of the total subject group showed changes in whole brain metabolism from the first to the second measurement of 10% or less, with comparable changes in various cortical and subcortical regions. When a scaling factor was used to equate the whole brain metabolism in the two scans for each individual, the resulting average regional changes for each group were no mote than 1%. This suggests that the proportion of the whole brain metabolism utilized regionally is stable in a group of subjects over time. Both groups of subjects had lower morning than afternoon metabolism, but the differences were slight in the p.m.-a.m. group. One measure of anxiety (pulse at fun 1) was correlated with run 1 metabolism and with the percentage of change from run 1 to run 2. No significant run 2 correlations were observed. This is the first study to measure test-retest variability in cerebral glucose metabolism in a large sample of young normal subjects. It demonstrates that the deoxyglucose method yields low Intrasubject variability and high stability over a 24-h period.

scholarly journals Measurement of Glucose Utilisation with [18F]2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: A Comparison of Different Analytical Methods

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan A. Lammertsma ◽  
David J. Brooks ◽  
Richard S. J. Frackowiak ◽  
Ronald P. Beaney ◽  
Sigrid Herold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Inhalation Technique ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Glucose Utilisation ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Dynamic Techniques

A number of different analytical methods were applied to dynamic scans obtained with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose and positron emission tomography. In particular, methods applying three, four, standard, or no rate constants were compared in four studies on three normal subjects. In addition, regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen utilisation, and blood volume were measured using the oxygen-15 steady-state inhalation technique. There was a large difference between values of glucose utilisation obtained with the various analytical methods, in particular between methods using three or four rate constants. This difference was not due to contamination of the tracer with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-mannose. For dynamic techniques, the separate measurement of regional cerebral blood volume was essential. Static techniques (single scans with standard or no rate constants) were best related to dynamic techniques utilising four rate constants. From the results, it followed, however, that these static techniques can only be applied clinically if relatively large disturbances of glucose metabolism and no changes in rate constants are anticipated. The lumped constant was assessed from the combined measurement of oxygen and glucose utilisation and was higher than previously reported.

scholarly journals Variability of cerebral blood volume and oxygen extraction: stages of cerebral haemodynamic impairment revisited

Brain ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Derdeyn ◽  
T. O. Videen ◽  
K. D. Yundt ◽  
S. M. Fritsch ◽  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Oxygen Extraction

scholarly journals In vivo Measurement of Regional Cerebral Haematocrit Using Positron Emission Tomography

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan A. Lammertsma ◽  
David J. Brooks ◽  
Ronald P. Beaney ◽  
David R. Turton ◽  
Malcolm J. Kensett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Volume

A method is described for measuring the regional cerebral-to-large vessel haematocrit ratio using inhalation of carbon-11-labelled carbon monoxide and the intravenous injection of carbon-11-labelled methyl-albumin in combination with positron emission tomography. The mean value in a series of nine subjects was 0.69. This is ∼20% lower than the value of 0.85 previously reported. It is concluded that previous measurements of regional cerebral blood volume using a haematocrit ratio of 0.85 will have underestimated the value of regional cerebral blood volume by 20%.

scholarly journals Validation of VASO cerebral blood volume measurement with positron emission tomography

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsoo Uh ◽  
Ai-Ling Lin ◽  
Kihak Lee ◽  
Peiying Liu ◽  
Peter Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Blood Volume Measurement

scholarly journals Brain Blood Volume, Flow, and Oxygen Utilization Measured with 15O Radiotracers and Positron Emission Tomography: Revised Metabolic Computations

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom O. Videen ◽  
Joel S. Perlmutter ◽  
Peter Herscovitch ◽  
Marcus E. Raichle
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Regional Blood Volume

We have revised our methods for calculating regional blood volume, flow, oxygen extraction, and oxygen utilization from positron emission tomography data obtained using 15O-labeled radiotracers. These revisions include radioactive decay explicitly within the model equations instead of requiring all measured activity to be corrected for decay prior to incorporation in the equations. The revised equations yield small but significant differences in the computed values.

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