scholarly journals Relatively low endogenous fatty acid mobilization and uptake helps preserve insulin sensitivity in obese women

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Van Pelt ◽  
S A Newsom ◽  
S Schenk ◽  
J F Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Endogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Mobilization

Insulin Sensitivity is Lowest in Obese Women with High Rates of Fatty Acid Uptake

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Sean A. Newsom ◽  
Simon Schenk ◽  
Matthew P. Harber ◽  
Charles F. Burant ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Obese Women

scholarly journals Adipocyte Fatty Acid-binding Protein as a Determinant of Insulin Sensitivity in Morbid-obese Women

Obesity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Simón ◽  
Xavier Escoté ◽  
Núria Vilarrasa ◽  
José Gómez ◽  
José M. Fernández-Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Morbid Obese

scholarly journals Plasma ferritin concentration is positively associated with in vivo fatty acid mobilization and insulin resistance in obese women

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1443-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Ryan ◽  
Douglas W. Van Pelt ◽  
Lisa M. Guth ◽  
Alison C. Ludzki ◽  
Rachel A. Gioscia-Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Mobilization

scholarly journals Sustained endogenous glucose production, diminished lipolysis and non-esterified fatty acid appearance and oxidation in non-obese women at high risk of type 2 diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shareen Forbes ◽  
Stephen Robinson ◽  
Jason Dungu ◽  
Victor Anyaoku ◽  
Peter Bannister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Obese Women

Objective: To evaluate early defects in glucose production, lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in non-obese, normally glucose tolerant women, who are nevertheless at risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Ten women with previous gestational diabetes (pGDM) and ten controls were studied in two 4 h infusions of stable isotopes 6,6-2H2-glucose, 1-13C-palmitate, and 1,1,2,3,3-2H5-glycerol with and without infusion of adrenaline. Fatty acid oxidation was quantified using indirect calorimetry and 13CO2 measurements. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the short insulin tolerance test. Results: The pGDM and control women were non-obese and carefully matched for body mass index and fat mass. Whole body insulin sensitivity and basal insulin concentrations did not differ significantly but basal glucose concentrations were increased in women with pGDM. During a 0.9% saline infusion, glucose appearance was not significantly different at the first (90–120 min) and second (210–240 min) steady states. However, glucose appearance decreased in controls but was maintained in the pGDM women (−0.33 ± 0.02 vs −0.03 ± 0.08 mg/kg per min; P = 0.004). Basal glycerol appearance (0.27 ± 0.02 vs 0.38 ± 0.03 mg/kg per min; P = 0.02), palmitate appearance (0.74 ± 0.09 vs 1.05 ± 0.09 mg/kg per min; P = 0.03) and palmitate oxidation (0.07 ± 0.01 vs 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/kg per min; P = 0.03) were lower in the pGDM women. During the adrenaline infusion, changes in glucose, glycerol and palmitate concentrations and kinetics were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Sustained glucose production during fasting is an early abnormality in non-obese subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes. Lipolysis and non-esterified fatty acid appearance and oxidation are diminished, suggesting an increased tendency to store fat. The observations are not readily attributable to differences in insulin or catecholamine sensitivity.

scholarly journals The Glucose Sensor ChREBP Links De Novo Lipogenesis to PPARγ Activity and Adipocyte Differentiation

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (11) ◽  
pp. 4008-4019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Witte ◽  
Matthias Muenzner ◽  
Janita Rietscher ◽  
Miriam Knauer ◽  
Steffi Heidenreich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endogenous Fatty Acid

Reduced de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue, often observed in obese individuals, is thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Besides trapping excess glucose and providing for triglycerides and energy storage, endogenously synthesized lipids can function as potent signaling molecules. Indeed, several specific lipids and their molecular targets that mediate insulin sensitivity have been recently identified. Here, we report that carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP), a transcriptional inducer of glucose use and de novo lipogenesis, controls the activity of the adipogenic master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Expression of constitutive-active ChREBP in precursor cells activated endogenous PPARγ and promoted adipocyte differentiation. Intriguingly, ChREBP-constitutive-active ChREBP expression induced PPARγ activity in a fatty acid synthase-dependent manner and by trans-activating the PPARγ ligand-binding domain. Reducing endogenous ChREBP activity by either small interfering RNA-mediated depletion, exposure to low-glucose concentrations, or expressing a dominant-negative ChREBP impaired differentiation. In adipocytes, ChREBP regulated the expression of PPARγ target genes, in particular those involved in thermogenesis, similar to synthetic PPARγ ligands. In summary, our data suggest that ChREBP controls the generation of endogenous fatty acid species that activate PPARγ. Thus, increasing ChREBP activity in adipose tissue by therapeutic interventions may promote insulin sensitivity through PPARγ.

731-P: Exercise Training Does Not Alter Resting Fatty Acid Mobilization from Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 731-P
Author(s):  
MICHAEL W. SCHLEH ◽  
BENJAMIN J. RYAN ◽  
JENNA B. GILLEN ◽  
PALLAVI VARSHNEY ◽  
KATIE FOUG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Acid Mobilization

FRI-288-Physiological levels of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) contribute to fasting-induced free fatty acid mobilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. e522
Author(s):  
David Carneros Trujillo ◽  
Cristina Morilla ◽  
Emilio Jimenez ◽  
Matilde Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Mobilization

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Restriction with or without Exercise Training Improves Blood Pressure and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Women

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Shengyan Sun ◽  
Zhaowei Kong ◽  
Qingde Shi ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
On-Kei Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week low-carbohydrate diet (LC) with or without exercise training on cardiometabolic health-related profiles in overweight/obese women. Methods: Fifty overweight/obese Chinese women (age: 22.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 3.1 kg·m−2) were randomized to either a LC control group (LC-CON, n = 16), a LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 17), or a LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, n = 17). All groups consumed LC for 4 weeks, while the LC-HIIT and LC-MICT groups followed an additional five sessions of HIIT (10 × 6 s cycling sprints and 9 s rest intervals, 2.5 min in total) or MICT (cycling continuously at 50–60% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) for 30 min) weekly. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and several metabolic or appetite regulating hormones were measured before and after intervention. Results: Significant reductions in body weight (− ~2.5 kg, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.772) and BMI (− ~1 unit, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.782) were found in all groups. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 5–6 mmHg (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.370); fasting insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while insulin sensitivity was improved. However, there were no significant changes in fasting glucose, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory peptide levels. Furthermore, no group differences were found among the three groups, suggesting that extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) failed to trigger additional effects on these cardiometabolic profiles. Conclusions: The short-term carbohydrate restriction diet caused significant weight loss and improved blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese women, although the combination with exercise training had no additional benefits on the examined cardiometabolic profiles. Moreover, the long-term safety and effectiveness of LC needs further study.

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