The influence of the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative: change in children’s exposure to food advertising on television in Canada between 2006–2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Potvin Kent ◽  
A Wanless
Keyword(s):  
Food Advertising ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Children’s measured exposure to food and beverage advertising on television in a regulated environment, May 2011-2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Elise Pauzé ◽  
Lauren Remedios ◽  
Monique Potvin Kent
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Commercial Advertising ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
Media Data

Abstract Objective: To quantify food/beverage advertising on television in Montreal (Quebec), to estimate and characterize children’s exposure, and to examine trends over time. Design: Television food advertising data were licensed for 19 food categories and 18 stations for May 2011, 2016 and 2019. The frequency of advertisements and the average number viewed per child aged 2-11 years overall, by food category and by station type (i.e. youth-appealing (n=3) and generalist (n=15) stations) was determined. The percent change in advertising and exposure between May 2011 and 2019 was calculated. Setting: Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Participants: This study used media data and did not directly involve human participants. Results: The total number of television advertisements increased by 11% between May 2011 (n=41,084) and May 2019 (n=45,406) however exposure to food/beverage advertisements decreased by 53%, going from 226 ads/child in May 2011 to 107 ads/child in May 2019. Overall, the most advertised food categories in both May 2011 and 2019 were fast food (29.8% and 39.2%, respectively) followed by chocolate (14.2%) in 2011 and savory snacks (9.7%) in 2019. In May 2019, children were predominantly exposed to unhealthy food categories such as fast food (41.3% of exposure), savory snacks (7.5%), chocolate (5.0%) and regular soft drinks (4.5%), and most (89.3%) of their total exposure occurred on generalist television stations. Conclusion: Despite Quebec’s restrictions on commercial advertising directed to children under 13 years, Quebecois children are still frequently exposed to unhealthy food advertising on television. Government should tighten restrictions to protect children from this exposure.

scholarly journals Children’s measured exposure to food and beverage advertising on television in Toronto (Canada), May 2011–May 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Pauzé ◽  
Monique Potvin Kent
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Advertising Exposure ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Abstract Objective Exposure to unhealthy food advertising is a known determinant of children’s poor dietary behaviours. The purpose of this study was to quantify and characterize Canadian children’s exposure to food advertising on broadcast television and examine trends over time. Methods Objectively measured advertising exposure data for 19 food categories airing on 30 stations broadcast in Toronto were licenced for May 2011 and May 2019. Using ad ratings data, the average number of food advertisements viewed by children aged 2–11 years, overall, by food category and by type of television station (child-appealing, adolescent-appealing and generalist stations), was estimated per time period. Results In May 2019, children viewed an average of 136 food advertisements on television, 20% fewer than in May 2011. More than half of advertisements viewed in May 2019 promoted unhealthy food categories such as fast food (43% of exposure), candy (6%), chocolate (6%) and regular soft drinks (5%) and only 17% of their total exposure occurred on child-appealing stations. Between May 2011 and May 2019, children’s exposure increased the most, in absolute terms, for savory snack foods (+7.2 ad exposures/child), fast food (+5.4) and regular soft drinks (+5.3) with most of these increases occurring on generalist stations. Conclusion Canadian children are still exposed to advertisements promoting unhealthy food categories on television despite voluntary restrictions adopted by some food companies. Statutory restrictions should be adopted and designed such that children are effectively protected from unhealthy food advertising on both stations intended for general audiences and those appealing to younger audiences.

Extent and nutritional quality of foods and beverages to which children are exposed in Colombian TV food advertising

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Alcides Velasquez ◽  
Mercedes Mora-Plazas ◽  
Luis Fernando Gómez ◽  
Lindsey S Taillie ◽  
Francesca R Dillman Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Abstract Objective: To examine children’s exposure to food and beverage advertising across a year of Colombian television based on whether products exceed Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO)-defined nutrient thresholds. Design: Nutritional information was obtained for all foods and beverages advertised and used to categorise each product according to the product category (e.g. beverage, snack food) and nutritional quality based on the PAHO model for identifying products in excess of free sugars, Na or saturated fat or containing non-caloric sweeteners or trans-fat. Television audience ratings data were used to derive the average child audience (unique child viewers) per ad and the number of times ads were seen by children in a single week (weekly impressions) based on product category and nutritional quality. Setting: All food and beverage ads on cable and over-the-air TV in Colombia in 2017. Participants: N/A. Results: Of all instances of TV ads, 89·3 % were of unhealthy products. A larger proportion of male and female children, as well as children from low (88·01 %), mid (89·10 %) and high (89·10 %) socio-economic status, are exposed to advertising of unhealthy products, but no significant difference was found between these proportions. Conclusion: The majority of foods and beverages advertised to Colombian children are unhealthy. These findings highlight a need to implement statutory measures to reduce children’s exposure to unhealthy food advertising in Colombia, as obesity and overweight have been increasing among school-age children in Colombia, and exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods is a known contributor to children’s food intake and obesity.

scholarly journals Exposure of Children to Unhealthy Food and Beverage Advertisements in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3856
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Yamoah ◽  
Jeroen De Man ◽  
Sunday O. Onagbiye ◽  
Zandile J. Mchiza
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
The South ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Marketing To Children

Television (TV) is a powerful medium for marketing food and beverages. Food and beverage marketers tend to use this medium to target children with the hope that children will in turn influence their families’ food choices. No study has assessed the compliance of TV marketers with the South African Marketing to Children pledge since the enactment of the 2014 food advertising recommendations by the South African Department of Health and the Advertising Standards Authority. This study investigated the extent and nature of advertising of unhealthy versus healthy food and beverages to children in South African TV broadcasting channels. The date, time, type, frequency and target audience of food advertisements (ads) on four free-to-air South African TV channels were recorded and captured using a structured assessment guide. The presence of persuasive marketing techniques was also assessed. Unhealthy food and beverage advertising was recorded at a significantly higher rate compared with healthy food and beverages during the time frame when children were likely to be watching TV. Brand benefit claims, health claims and power strategies (e.g., advertising using cartoon characters and celebrated individuals) were used as persuasive strategies. These persuasive strategies were used more in unhealthy versus healthy food ads. The findings are in breach of the South African Marketing to Children pledge and suggest a failure of the industry self-regulation system. We recommend the introduction of monitored and enforced statutory regulations to ensure healthy TV food advertising space.

Space-time analysis of unhealthy food advertising: New Zealand children’s exposure and health policy options

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-820
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Michelle Barr ◽  
Amber L Pearson ◽  
Tim Chambers ◽  
Karin A Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Density Mapping ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Wearable Cameras ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Abstract Reducing children’s exposure to unhealthy food advertising is an accepted strategy to end childhood obesity. This study aimed to (i) measure children’s space-time exposures to unhealthy food advertising in public outdoor spaces, using GPS and wearable cameras; and (ii) test effectiveness of banning options. We compiled data (collected July 2014—June 2015) on 138 12-year-old children in Wellington, New Zealand, using wearable cameras and GPS devices worn over 4 days. In 2017–18, we linked 59 150 images taken in public outdoor spaces to GPS data. Of these, 1631 contained unhealthy food advertising exposures, defined as ≥50% of an advertisement observed in each image. We examined spatial patterns using kernel density mapping and graphed space-time trends. We interpolated a kriged exposure rate across Wellington to estimate exposure reductions for potential bans. Children were exposed to 7.4 (95% CI 7.0–7.8) unhealthy food advertisements/hour spent in outdoor public spaces. Exposures occurred in shopping centres, residential areas and sports facilities, commonly involving fast food, sugary drinks and ice cream. Peak exposure times were weekend afternoons/evenings and weekdays before/after school. In Wellington, we estimated that banning such advertising within 400 m of playgrounds would yield a 33% reduction in exposure, followed by in residential areas (27%), within 400 m of schools (25%), and 50% for a ban combining all above. This work documents the extent of children’s exposure to unhealthy food advertising and the potential impact of bans. Given the ubiquity of advertising in public spaces, this New Zealand research offers innovative methods and findings likely relevant in other jurisdictions.

scholarly journals An analysis of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of Northern England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Finlay ◽  
Scott Lloyd ◽  
Amelia Lake ◽  
Thomas Armstrong ◽  
Mark Fishpool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

Objective: To quantify the extent of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of the UK that has no restrictions on this activity, to identify the healthfulness of advertised products and the creative strategies used and extent of appeal to young people, and to identify differences by level of deprivation.Design: Images of all bus shelter advertisements across the two unitary authorities were collected via in person photography (in 2019) and verified using Google Street View (photos recorded in 2018). All advertisements were coded according to advert type. Food and beverage advertisements were coded as brand or product ads and into one of seventeen food categories. These items were classified as healthy/less healthy using the UK Nutrient Profile Model. The deprivation level of the ad location was identified using the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation.Setting: This study took place in South Teesside, specifically the unitary authorities of Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland.Participants: There are no participants in this study.Results: 832 advertisements were identified in total, almost half (48.9%) of which were for foods or beverages. Of the food and beverage adverts, 35.1% were classed as less healthy. Close to a quarter (22.2%) of food advertisements used creative strategies, almost all of these were competitions. Food advertisements were found to be of appeal to children under 12 years (47.3%) and adolescents, 13-17 years (70.5%). Most bus shelters, and therefore most food advertising, was in the most deprived area but not meaningful differences in advertising was found by level of deprivation.Conclusions: Food advertising is extensive on bus shelters in the UK, and a substantial proportion of this advertising is classified as less healthy and would not be permitted to be advertised around television programming for children. Bus shelter advertising should be considered part of the UK policy deliberations around restricting less healthy food marketing exposure.

Children’s exposure to food advertising: the impact of statutory restrictions

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Whalen ◽  
Joanne Harrold ◽  
Simon Child ◽  
Jason Halford ◽  
Emma Boyland
Keyword(s):  
Food Advertising ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Children’s exposure to outdoor food advertising near primary and secondary schools in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Trapp ◽  
Paula Hooper ◽  
Lukar Thornton ◽  
Kelly Kennington ◽  
Ainslie Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Children’S Exposure

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of Chile’s marketing regulation of unhealthy foods and beverages: pre-school and adolescent children’s changes in exposure to food advertising on television

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca R Dillman Carpentier ◽  
Teresa Correa ◽  
Marcela Reyes ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie
Keyword(s):  
Cable Television ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Television Use ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Cartoon Characters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Exposure

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effects of Chile’s 2016 regulation restricting child-directed marketing of products high in energy, saturated fats, sodium and sugars on reducing children’s exposure to ‘high-in’ television food advertising.Design:Television use by pre-schoolers and adolescents was assessed via surveys in the months prior to implementation and a year after implementation. Hours and channels of television use were linked with the amount of high-in food advertising observed in corresponding content analyses of food advertisements (ads) from popular broadcast and cable channels to estimate changes in exposure to food ads from these channels.Setting:Middle-lower and lower-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile.Participants:Pre-schoolers (n 879; mothers reporting) and adolescents (n 753; self-reporting).Results:Pre-schoolers’ and adolescents’ exposure to high-in food advertising in total decreased significantly by an average of 44 and 58 %, respectively. Exposure to high-in food advertising with child-directed appeals, such as cartoon characters, decreased by 35 and 52 % for pre-schoolers and adolescents, respectively. Decreases were more pronounced for children who viewed more television. Products high in sugars were the most prevalent among the high-in ads seen by children after implementation.Conclusions:Following Chile’s 2016 child-directed marketing regulation, children’s exposure to high-in food advertising on popular broadcast and cable television decreased significantly but was not eliminated from their viewing. Later stages of the regulation are expected to eliminate the majority of children’s exposure to high-in food advertising from television.

scholarly journals Children's exposure to food advertising on free-to-air television: an Asia-Pacific perspective

2014 ◽  
pp. dau055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Kelly ◽  
Lana Hebden ◽  
Lesley King ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Children’S Exposure
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