Ileal transposition surgery produces ileal length-dependent changes in food intake, body weight, gut hormones and glucose metabolism in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Ramzy ◽  
S Nausheen ◽  
P K Chelikani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Ileal Transposition

scholarly journals Effects of sleeve gastrectomy and ileal transposition, alone and in combination, on food intake, body weight, gut hormones, and glucose metabolism in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (4) ◽  
pp. E507-E518 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nausheen ◽  
I. H. Shah ◽  
A. Pezeshki ◽  
D. L. Sigalet ◽  
P. K. Chelikani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Gastric Restriction ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Bariatric surgeries are hypothesized to produce weight loss and improve diabetes control by multiple mechanisms including gastric restriction and lower gut stimulation; the relative importance of these mechanisms remains poorly understood. We compared the effects of a typical foregut procedure, sleeve gastrectomy, (SG) with a primarily hindgut surgery, ileal transposition (IT), alone and together (SGIT), or sham manipulations, on food intake, body weight, gut hormones, glucose tolerance, and key markers of glucose homeostasis in peripheral tissues of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (450–550 g, n = 7–9/group). SG, IT, and SGIT surgeries produced transient reduction in food intake and weight gain; the effects of SG and IT on intake and body weight were nonadditive. SG, IT, and SGIT surgeries resulted in increased tissue expression and plasma concentrations of the lower gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY and decreased plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, insulin, and leptin concentrations. Despite transient effects on intake and weight gain, the SG, IT, and SGIT surgeries produced a significant improvement in glucose tolerance. In support of glycemic improvements, the protein abundance of key markers of glucose metabolism (e.g., GLUT4, PKA, IRS-1) in muscle and adipose tissue were increased, whereas the expression of key gluconeogenic enzyme in liver (G-6-Pase) were decreased following the surgeries. Therefore, our data suggest that enhanced lower gut stimulation following SG, IT, and SGIT surgeries leads to transient reduction in food intake and weight gain together with enhanced secretion of lower gut hormones and improved glucose clearance by peripheral tissues.

Secretin as a satiation whisperer with the potential to turn into an obesity-curbing knight

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnabl ◽  
Yongguo Li ◽  
Mueez U-Din ◽  
Martin Klingenspor
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract The obesity pandemic requires effective preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Successful and sustained obesity treatment is currently limited to bariatric surgery. Modulating the release of gut hormones is considered promising to mimic bariatric surgery with its beneficial effects on food intake, body weight and blood glucose levels. The gut peptide secretin was the first molecule to be termed a hormone; nevertheless, it only recently has been established as a legitimate anorexigenic peptide. In contrast to gut hormones that crosstalk with the brain either directly or by afferent neuronal projections, secretin mediates meal-associated brown fat thermogenesis to induce meal termination, thereby qualifying this physiological mechanism as an attractive, peripheral target for the treatment of obesity. In this perspective, it is of pivotal interest to deepen our yet superficial knowledge on the physiological roles of secretin as well as meal-associated thermogenesis in energy balance and body weight regulation. Of note, the emerging differences between meal-associated thermogenesis and cold-induced thermogenesis must be taken into account. In fact, there is no correlation between these two entities. In addition, the investigation of potential effects of secretin in hedonic-driven food intake, bariatric surgery as well as chronic treatment using suitable application strategies to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations will provide further insight into its potential to influence energy balance. The aim of this article is to review the facts on secretin’s metabolic effects, address prevailing gaps in our knowledge, and provide an overview on the opportunities and challenges of the therapeutic potential of secretin in body weight control.

The effects of ileal transposition on food intake and body weight loss in VMH-obese rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Koopmans ◽  
A Sclafani ◽  
C Fichtner ◽  
P F Aravich
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Obese Rats

A rational review on the effects of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers on appetite, food reward and metabolic/adiposity outcomes in adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic O'Connor ◽  
Michelle Pang ◽  
Gabriele Castelnuovo ◽  
Graham Finlayson ◽  
Ellen Blaak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Food Hedonics

The review focused on outcomes related to obesity an diabetes as affected by sweeteners and included the following keywords: Food Intake, Subjective Appetite, Food Hedonics/Reward, Body Weight, Energy and Glucose, Metabolism/Adiposity Markers.

Biglycan reduces body weight by regulating food intake in mice and improves glucose metabolism through AMPK/AKT dual pathways in skeletal muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
InHyeok Chung ◽  
Shin Ae Kim ◽  
Seolsong Kim ◽  
Jung Ok Lee ◽  
Clara Yongjoo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Metabolism

Comparison of the Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Ileal Transposition Surgeries on Food Intake, Body Weight, and Circulating Peptide YY Concentrations in Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanth K. Chelikani ◽  
Imran H. Shah ◽  
Esmaeel Taqi ◽  
David L. Sigalet ◽  
Henry H. Koopmans
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Ileal Transposition

scholarly journals Deficiency in Interferon-γ Results in Reduced Body Weight and Better Glucose Tolerance in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (10) ◽  
pp. 3690-3699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wong ◽  
Barbara C. Fam ◽  
Gitta R. Cempako ◽  
Gregory R. Steinberg ◽  
Ken Walder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Reduced Body

Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease caused by increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. Studies using animal models with deletion of inflammatory cytokines have produced conflicting results with some showing increased weight gain and others showing no effect or even reduced body weights. Clearly, more work is necessary to understand the role of cytokines on body weight control. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of interferon-γ deletion (IFNγ−/−) on body weight regulation and glucose metabolism. Male IFNγ−/− and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat chow diet, and body weight, food intake, and energy expenditure were monitored over 20 wk. At the end of the study, ip glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, basal glucose turnover, and hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamps were performed. Expression levels of arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide, and proopiomelanocortin mRNA as well as circulating leptin levels were also determined. IFNγ−/− mice had improved glucose tolerance with reduced rate of glucose appearance and increased insulin sensitivity due to greater suppression of endogenous glucose output, which was associated with decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, we also observed reduced body weight associated with decreased food intake and increased physical activity. Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide mRNA expression was reduced, whereas proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression was increased, as were plasma leptin levels. Global deletion of IFNγ in mice resulted in reduced body weight associated with negative energy balance, improved glucose tolerance, and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that IFNγ plays a critical role in the regulation of body weight and glucose metabolism.

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