scholarly journals Herbicide resistance-endowing ACCase gene mutations in hexaploid wild oat (Avena fatua): insights into resistance evolution in a hexaploid species

Heredity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Yu ◽  
M S Ahmad-Hamdani ◽  
H Han ◽  
M J Christoffers ◽  
S B Powles
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Hexaploid Species

Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn D Karlowsky ◽  
Anita L Brûlé-Babel ◽  
Lyle F Friesen ◽  
Rene C Van Acker ◽  
Gary H Crow
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Resistance Genetics ◽  
Multiple Herbicide Resistance

To gain some insight into the surprisingly frequent occurrence of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat in western Canada, the inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance was studied in two wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations, UMWO12-01 and UMWO12-03, from Manitoba, Canada. Both populations are resistant to each of three distinct herbicides, imazametha benz-methyl, flamprop-methyl, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (hereafter referred to as imazamethabenz, flamprop, and fenoxaprop-P, respectively). Crosses were made between each resistant (R) population and a susceptible (S) wild oat population (UM5) (R/S crosses), and between the two resistant populations (R/R crosses). Subsets of parental, F2 plants, and F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families were treated separately with each of the three herbicides and classified as R or S for individual plants, and homozygous R, segregating, or homozygous S for F2:3 families. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/S crosses segregated in 3R:1S and 1 homozygous R:2 segregating:1 homozygous S ratios, respectively. These ratios indicate that a single dominant or semi-dominant nuclear gene controls resistance to each of these herbicides in each population. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/R crosses segregated for resistance/susceptibility when treated with either imazamethabenz or flamprop. Therefore, the genes for resistance to these two herbicides are different in each R population. Individual F2:3 family response demonstrated that the genes were not independent of each other, indicating possible linkage between the genes for resistance to each herbicide. Genetic linkage could explain how the wild oat populations developed multiple resistance in the absence of selection by two of the herbicides, imazamethabenz and flamprop. Key words: Wild oat, Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, genetics of resistance, multiple resistance

Persistence of herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations after cessation of triallate or difenzoquat use

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
M. N. Baig ◽  
J. C. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Experimental Plots

In experimental plots, the proportion of resistant (R) to susceptible (S) wild oat (Avena fatua L.) increased between 1992 and 1996 and was highest in continuous wheat (2.4:1) and lowest in continuous barley (1.2:1). Conversely, the relative frequency of R plants decreased in most farmers' fields between 1990 and 1997 and varied from 12 to 100%. Frequency of resistance was positively correlated with the number of triallate or difenzoquat applications since 1988. Key words: Avena fatua, persistence of herbicide resistance, triallate, difenzoquat

Selecting for triallate resistance in wild oat

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Sakti Jana
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat

Resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to triallate was monitored from 1996 to 1998 in plots of continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-fallow, with or without triallate applied from 1979 to 1997. Resistance in wild oat occurred after 18 yr where triallate was applied annually in continuous wheat, but not where triallate was applied 10 times in a wheat-fallow rotation over the same period. No resistance was detected in the continuous wheat or wheat-fallow plots where no herbicide was applied. Key words: Herbicide resistance, wild oat, triallate

scholarly journals Survey of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua) in two townships in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Group 1

The nature and occurrence of herbicide resistance in wild oat in annual crops grown in the Grassland and Parkland regions of Saskatchewan were determined in a systematic survey of fields in two townships in 1997. The survey found that over one-half of fields in both townships had populations resistant to Group 1 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors], Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors], and/or Group 8 (e.g., triallate, difenzoquat) herbicides. Forty-three percent of fields in the Grassland township and 48% of fields in the Parkland township had Group 1-resistant (HR) wild oat; 30 and 17% of fields in the Grassland and Parkland township, respectively, had populations exhibiting Group 2 resistance, whereas about 15% of fields in both townships had Group 8-HR wild oat. Single- (Groups 1, 2, or 8) and multiple-group resistance (1, 2; 1, 8; 2, 8; 1, 2, 8) were exhibited in populations in fields in both townships. Frequency of occurrence of resistance was not generally affected by farm size. The nature of resistance in wild oat populations is more diverse, differences in distribution and abundance of HR wild oat biotypes between Grassland and Parkland regions are generally less apparent, and occurrence of resistance is more prevalent than documented previously. Key words: Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, survey

Distribution and frequency of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena spp.) across the Western Australian grain belt

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechelle J. Owen ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Random Survey ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Western Australian

In 2005, a random survey was conducted across 14 million hectares of the Western Australian grain belt to establish the frequency and distribution of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena spp.) in cropping fields. In total, 677 cropping fields were visited, with wild oat populations collected from 150 fields. These wild oat populations were screened with several herbicides commonly used to control this weed. Most of the wild oat populations (71%) were found to contain individuals resistant to the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide diclofop-methyl. Resistance to other ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was markedly lower. Herbicides of alternative modes of action were effective on all wild oat populations. Overall, wild oat resistance to diclofop-methyl was found to be widespread across the Western Australian grain belt, but resistance to other herbicides was relatively low. Therefore, through diversity in herbicide use and with cultural management, it is possible to maintain wild oat populations at a low level and/or minimise herbicide resistance evolution.

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

Effects of Difenzoquat on Photoreactions and Respiration in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaik P. Halling ◽  
Richard Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Acceptor Activity ◽  
Proton Uptake

Experiments were conducted with isolated protoplasts of wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) and isolated chloroplasts of wild oat and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), to determine if the methyl sulfate salt of difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) might influence photoreactions in these species. Difenzoquat did not affect CO2fixation, uncoupled electron transport, or proton uptake. At concentrations of 0.5 mM and 1 mM, difenzoquat caused a slight, but statistically significant, inhibition of photophosphorylation. Experiments assaying coupled electron transport indicated that inhibition of photophosphorylation occurred not through uncoupling, but by an energy-transfer inhibition. This same effect was observed in isolated mitocondria of both species, with about 50% inhibition of state 3 respiration rates occurring with 10 μM difenzoquat. However, no important differentials were observed in the relative susceptibilities of wheat and wild oat mitochondria. Difenzoquat also functioned as a weak autooxidizing electron acceptor in photosynthetic electron transport. Therefore, difenzoquat-induced leaf chlorosis and necrosis may result from a bipyridilium-type electron acceptor activity if sufficient herbicide is absorbed.

scholarly journals Wild Oat (Avena Fatua L.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris Minor Ritz.) Management Through Allelopathy

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawar Jabran ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Mubshir Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Canary Grass

Wild Oat (Avena FatuaL.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris MinorRitz.) Management Through AllelopathyEnvironmental contamination, herbicide resistance development among weeds and health concerns due to over and misuse of synthetic herbicides has led the researchers to focus on alternative weed management strategies. Allelochemicals extracted from various plant species can act as natural weed inhibitors. In this study, allelopathic extracts from four plant species sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], mulberry (Morus albaL.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.], winter cherry [Withania somnifera(L.)] were tested for their potential to inhibit the most problematic wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) weeds wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) and canary grass (Phalaris minorRitz.). Data regarding time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, final germination percentage, germination energy, root and shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves, and seedling fresh and dry weight was recorded for both the weeds, which showed that mulberry was the most inhibitory plant species while sorghum showed least allelopathic suppression against wild oat. Mulberry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of the wild oat germination. The allelopathic potential for different plants against wild oat was in the order: mulberry > winter cherry > barnyard grass > sorghum. Mulberry, barnyard grass and winter cherry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of canary grass. Sorghum however exhibited least suppressive or in some cases stimulatory effects on canary grass. Plants revealing strong allelopathic potential can be utilized to derive natural herbicides for weed control.

ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicide-ResistantAvenaspp. Populations from the Western Australian Grain Belt

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Ahmad-Hamdani ◽  
Mechelle J. Owen ◽  
Qin Yu ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
High Level ◽  
Western Australian

Avenaspp. are world weeds with many cases of evolved herbicide resistance. In Australia,Avenaspp. (wild oat and sterile oat) are a major problem, especially in grain crops. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)–inhibiting herbicides have been used extensively since the late 1970s forAvenaspp. control. However, continued reliance on these herbicides has resulted in the evolution of resistantAvenaspp. populations. Resistance across many ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was characterized in fourAvenaspp. populations from the Western Australian grain belt. Dose–response experiments were conducted to determine the level of resistance to the aryloxyphenoxypropionates and cyclohexanediones and to the phenylpyrazoline herbicide pinoxaden. On the basis of resistance index values, all four resistant populations exhibited high-level diclofop resistance but varied in the level of resistance to other ACCase-inhibiting herbicides tested. It is evident thatAvenaspp. populations from the Western Australian grain belt have evolved resistance to a number of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides.

Site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua L.) management

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
S. Shirriff
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

Beckie, H. J. and Shirriff, S. 2012. Site-specific wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 923–931. Variation in soil properties, such as soil moisture, across a hummocky landscape may influence wild oat emergence and growth. To evaluate wild oat emergence, growth, and management according to landscape position, a study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in a hummocky field in the semiarid Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregion of Saskatchewan. The hypothesis tested was that wild oat emergence and growth would be greater in lower than upper slope positions under normal or dry early growing season conditions. Three herbicide treatments were imposed on the same plots each year of a 2-yr canola (Brassica napus L.) – wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence: (1) nontreated (weedy) control; (2) herbicide application to upper and lower slope positions (i.e., full or blanket application); and (3) herbicide application to lower slope position only. Slope position affected crop and weed densities before in-crop herbicide application in years with dry spring growing conditions. Site-specific wild oat herbicide application in hummocky fields in semiarid regions may be justified based on results of wild oat control averaged across slope position. In year 2 of the crop sequence (wheat), overall (i.e., lower and upper slope) wild oat control based on density, biomass, and dockage (i.e., seed return) was similar between site-specific and full herbicide treatment in 2 of 3 yr. Because economic thresholds have not been widely adopted by growers in managing wild oat, site-specific treatment in years when conditions warrant may be an appropriate compromise between no application and blanket herbicide application.

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