scholarly journals Allozyme variation in relation to ecotypic differentiation and population size in marginal populations of Silene nutans

Heredity ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne van Rossum ◽  
Xavier Vekemans ◽  
Pierre Meerts ◽  
Emmanuelle Gratia ◽  
Claude Lefèbvre
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Silene Nutans

The structure of allozyme variation in Silene nutans (Caryophyllaceae) in Denmark and in north-western Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Van Rossum ◽  
Inger R. Weidema ◽  
Hélène Martin ◽  
Solenn Le Cadre ◽  
Pascal Touzet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Silene Nutans ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals A field test of the relationship between habitat area and population size for five perennial plant species

Web Ecology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Habitat Area ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum ◽  
Silene Nutans ◽  
Function Models

Abstract. The population sizes of five perennial vascular plant species confined to old unimproved dry grasslands were assessed, viz. Anthericum ramosum, Filipendula vulgaris, Silene nutans, Thymus pulegioides, and Thymus serpyllum. All populations within the region were included. Only for Filipendula vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum, significant relationships between habitat area and population size were found. Thus, apparently perennial vascular plants have a limited ability to respond to large habitat areas by forming large populations. This puts a question mark on the use of incidence-function models for the study of plant metapopulations, because these models are based on an assumed positive relationship between habitat area and population size.

Ecotypic differentiation, hybridization and clonality facilitate the persistence of a cold-adapted sedge in European bogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schwarzer ◽  
Jasmin Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Range Margin ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Allopatric Divergence

Abstract Recent research has shown that many cold-adapted species survived the last glacial maximum (LGM) in northern refugia. Whether this evolutionary history has had consequences for their genetic diversity and adaptive potential remains unknown. We sampled 14 populations of Carex limosa, a sedge specialized to bog ecosystems, along a latitudinal gradient from its Scandinavian core to the southern lowland range-margin in Germany. Using microsatellite and experimental common-garden data, we evaluated the impacts of global climate change along this gradient and assessed the conservation status of the southern marginal populations. Microsatellite data revealed two highly distinct genetic groups and hybrid individuals. In our common-garden experiment, the two groups showed divergent responses to increased nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) availability, suggesting ecotypic differentiation. Each group formed genetically uniform populations at both northern and southern sampling areas. Mixed populations occurred throughout our sampling area, an area that was entirely glaciated during the LGM. The fragmented distribution implies allopatric divergence at geographically separated refugia that putatively differed in N/P availability. Molecular data and an observed low hybrid fecundity indicate the importance of clonal reproduction for hybrid populations. At the southern range-margin, however, all populations showed effects of clonality, lowered fecundity and low competitiveness, suggesting abiotic and biotic constraints to population persistence.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in butterflies: interactive effects of habitat fragmentation and climate-driven range expansion

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane K Hill ◽  
Clare L Hughes ◽  
Calvin Dytham ◽  
Jeremy B Searle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Range Margin ◽  
Pararge Aegeria

Some species are expanding their ranges polewards during current climate warming. However, anthropogenic fragmentation of suitable habitat is affecting expansion rates and here we investigate interactions between range expansion, habitat fragmentation and genetic diversity. We examined three closely related Satyrinae butterflies, which differ in their habitat associations, from six sites along a transect in England from distribution core to expanding range margin. There was a significant decline in allozyme variation towards an expanding range margin in Pararge aegeria , which has the most restricted habitat availability, but not in Pyronia tithonus whose habitat is more widely available, or in a non-expanding ‘control species’ ( Maniola jurtina ). Moreover, data from another transect in Scotland indicated that declines in genetic diversity in P. aegeria were evident only on the transect in England, which had greater habitat fragmentation. Our results indicate that fragmentation of breeding habitats leads to more severe founder events during colonization, resulting in reduced diversity in marginal populations in more specialist species. The continued widespread loss of suitable habitats in the future may increase the likelihood of loss of genetic diversity in expanding species, which may affect whether or not species can adapt to future environmental change.

Genetic structure of geographical marginal populations of Cryptomeriajaponica

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Tsumura ◽  
Kihachiro Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Suitable Climate ◽  
The Last Glacial

Although reaching its southern limit of distribution on Yaku Island, sugi (Cryptomeriajaponica D. Don) grows well in large forests protected from logging. Using isozyme analysis, we investigated 14 stands from Yaku Island to clarify the genetic structure of the most southern forests. Thirteen loci encoding nine enzyme systems were analyzed. The polymorphic indexes yielded a proportion of polymorphic loci of 0.330, an average number of alleles per locus of 2.19, an effective number of alleles per locus of 1.16, and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.138. Most of the allozyme variation was within stands (97.17%), 2.83% being between stands. Comparing marginal populations of Yaku Island with those of mainland Japan, Yaku Island C. japonica forests have maintained a relatively large genetic variation mainly because Yaku Island (i) was a refugia during the last glacial period, (ii) has a suitable climate and adequate precipitation, and (iii) contains a relatively large area (about 8000 ha) of natural forests as protected areas.

Patterns of allozyme variation in relation to population size of the threatened plantMegaleranthis saniculifolia (Ranunculaceae) in Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Sung Chang ◽  
Do Yol Choi ◽  
Hui Kim ◽  
Tae Yoon Park ◽  
Yong-Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Allozyme Variation

scholarly journals Expansion history and environmental suitability shape effective population size in a plant invasion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Braasch ◽  
Brittany S Barker ◽  
Katrina M Dlugosch
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Climate History

The margins of an expanding range are predicted to be challenging environments for adaptation. Marginal populations should often experience low effective population sizes (Ne) where genetic drift is high due to demographic expansion and/or census population size is low due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Nevertheless, invasive species demonstrate increasing evidence of rapid evolution and potential adaptation to novel environments encountered during colonization, calling into question whether significant reductions in Ne are realized during range expansions in nature. Here we report one of the first empirical tests of the joint effects of expansion dynamics and environment on effective population size variation during invasive range expansion. We estimate contemporary values of Ne using rates of linkage disequilibrium among genome-wide markers within introduced populations of the highly invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in North America (California, USA), as well as in native European populations. As predicted, we find that Ne within the invasion is positively correlated with both expansion history (time since founding) and habitat quality (abiotic climate). History and environment had independent additive effects with similar effect sizes, supporting an important role of both factors in this invasion. These results support theoretical expectations for the population genetics of range expansion, though whether these processes can ultimately arrest the spread of an invasive species remains an open question.

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