scholarly journals Methylation and demethylation of DNA and histones in chromatin: the most complicated epigenetic marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. e321-e321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Duk Youn
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Marker

scholarly journals PARP1 exhibits enhanced association and catalytic efficiency with γH2A.X-nucleosome

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Sharma ◽  
Louis De Falco ◽  
Sivaraman Padavattan ◽  
Chang Rao ◽  
Susana Geifman-Shochat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Genomic Integrity ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Nucleosome Core ◽  
Epigenetic Marker ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, PARP1, plays a key role in maintaining genomic integrity by detecting DNA damage and mediating repair. γH2A.X is the primary histone marker for DNA double-strand breaks and PARP1 localizes to H2A.X-enriched chromatin damage sites, but the basis for this association is not clear. We characterize the kinetics of PARP1 binding to a variety of nucleosomes harbouring DNA double-strand breaks, which reveal that PARP1 associates faster with (γ)H2A.X- versus H2A-nucleosomes, resulting in a higher affinity for the former, which is maximal for γH2A.X-nucleosome that is also the activator eliciting the greatest poly-ADP-ribosylation catalytic efficiency. The enhanced activities with γH2A.X-nucleosome coincide with increased accessibility of the DNA termini resulting from the H2A.X-Ser139 phosphorylation. Indeed, H2A- and (γ)H2A.X-nucleosomes have distinct stability characteristics, which are rationalized by mutational analysis and (γ)H2A.X-nucleosome core crystal structures. This suggests that the γH2A.X epigenetic marker directly facilitates DNA repair by stabilizing PARP1 association and promoting catalysis.

scholarly journals A methodological pipeline to generate an epigenetic marker of prenatal exposure to air pollution indicators

Epigenetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ya Wang ◽  
Frederica Perera ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Kylie W. Riley ◽  
Teresa Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Pollution Indicators ◽  
Epigenetic Marker

scholarly journals Dermatoglyphics and abdominal resistance in female children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Renan Souza ◽  
Adriano Alberti ◽  
Gabriel Gastélum Cuadras ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale ◽  
Eliton Marcio Zanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Epigenetic Marker ◽  
Ulnar Loop ◽  
Female Children

Background: Dermatoglyphics is considered, in the scientific milieu, to be an epigenetic marker. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of dermatoglyphic marks characteristic of neuromotor capacity and abdominal resistance in children and adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 1,002 individuals, female children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 16, from public and private schools in the city of Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The protocol selected for analyzing the fingerprints was dermatoglyphics, proposed by Cummins and Midlo using a Dermatoglyphic Reader. The Brazilian Sports Project Manual - PROESP 2015 was used to collect data on muscle strength motor tests. Results: The results showed the presence of a dermatoglyphic mark characteristic of abdominal motor capacity and muscle strength in females. A higher frequency of arches was identified in MET4 and whorls in MET5 and MDT4 in the Risk Zone group. In the Healthy Zone group, ulnar loop was found to be more frequent in MET4, MET5, and MDT4 fingers. Conclusions: The results demonstrated a predictive marker for abdominal motor capacity and strength in females through dermatoglyphics.

scholarly journals Global analysis of H3K27me3 as an epigenetic marker in prostate cancer progression

BMC Cancer ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolaine Ngollo ◽  
Andre Lebert ◽  
Marine Daures ◽  
Gaelle Judes ◽  
Khaldoun Rifai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Prostate Cancer Progression ◽  
Epigenetic Marker

scholarly journals Perinuclear Lamin A and Nucleoplasmic Lamin B2 Characterize Two Types of Hippocampal Neurons through Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Laura Gil ◽  
Sandra A. Niño ◽  
Erika Chi-Ahumada ◽  
Ildelfonso Rodríguez-Leyva ◽  
Carmen Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Cell Cycle Reentry ◽  
Epigenetic Marker ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Elevated Expression

Background. Recent reports point to a nuclear origin of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aged postmitotic neurons try to repair their damaged DNA by entering the cell cycle. This aberrant cell cycle re-entry involves chromatin modifications where nuclear Tau and the nuclear lamin are involved. The purpose of this work was to elucidate their participation in the nuclear pathological transformation of neurons at early AD. Methodology. The study was performed in hippocampal paraffin embedded sections of adult, senile, and AD brains at I-VI Braak stages. We analyzed phospho-Tau, lamins A, B1, B2, and C, nucleophosmin (B23) and the epigenetic marker H4K20me3 by immunohistochemistry. Results. Two neuronal populations were found across AD stages, one is characterized by a significant increase of Lamin A expression, reinforced perinuclear Lamin B2, elevated expression of H4K20me3 and nuclear Tau loss, while neurons with nucleoplasmic Lamin B2 constitute a second population. Conclusions. The abnormal cell cycle reentry in early AD implies a fundamental neuronal transformation. This implies the reorganization of the nucleo-cytoskeleton through the expression of the highly regulated Lamin A, heterochromatin repression and building of toxic neuronal tangles. This work demonstrates that nuclear Tau and lamin modifications in hippocampal neurons are crucial events in age-related neurodegeneration.

Epigenetic marker expression is of limited diagnostic utility in spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1228-1232
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yagi ◽  
Bonnie L. Balzer ◽  
David P. Frishberg ◽  
Wonwoo Shon
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Epigenetic Marker ◽  
Marker Expression

AHRR hypomethylation as an epigenetic marker of smoking history predicts risk of myocardial infarction in former smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Anne Langsted ◽  
Stig E. Bojesen ◽  
Erik S.G. Stroes ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Epigenetic Marker ◽  
Former Smokers

Hypermethylation of HLA-C may be an epigenetic marker in psoriasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xu Yao ◽  
Chengrang Li ◽  
Mingjun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Marker

scholarly journals Quantitation and mapping of the epigenetic marker 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

BioEssays ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qing ◽  
Zhiqi Tian ◽  
Ying Bi ◽  
Yongyao Wang ◽  
Jiangang Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Marker

scholarly journals Diaphanous formin mDia2 regulates CENP-A levels at centromeres

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenshu Liu ◽  
Yinghui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Genome Replication ◽  
Rac Gtpase ◽  
Epigenetic Marker ◽  
Centromere Protein A ◽  
Histone H3 Variant ◽  
Recognition Protein

Centromeres of higher eukaryotes are epigenetically defined by centromere protein A (CENP-A), a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. The incorporation of new CENP-A into centromeres to maintain the epigenetic marker after genome replication in S phase occurs in G1 phase; however, how new CENP-A is loaded and stabilized remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the formin mDia2 as essential for stable replenishment of new CENP-A at centromeres. Quantitative imaging, pulse-chase analysis, and high-resolution ratiometric live-cell studies demonstrate that mDia2 and its nuclear localization are required to maintain CENP-A levels at centromeres. Depletion of mDia2 results in a prolonged centromere association of holiday junction recognition protein (HJURP), the chaperone required for CENP-A loading. A constitutively active form of mDia2 rescues the defect in new CENP-A loading caused by depletion of male germ cell Rac GTPase-activating protein (MgcRacGAP), a component of the small GTPase pathway essential for CENP-A maintenance. Thus, the formin mDia2 functions downstream of the MgcRacGAP-dependent pathway in regulating assembly of new CENP-A containing nucleosomes at centromeres.

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