scholarly journals Reduced sCD36 following weight loss corresponds to improved insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and liver fat in obese children

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Knøsgaard ◽  
K Kazankov ◽  
N H Birkebæk ◽  
P Holland-Fischer ◽  
A Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Obese Children

scholarly journals Effect of weight reduction on insulin sensitivity, sex hormone-binding globulin, sex hormones and gonadotrophins in obese children

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
N H Birkebæk ◽  
A Lange ◽  
P Holland-Fischer ◽  
K Kristensen ◽  
S Rittig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After

ObjectiveObesity in men is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and hypoandrogenism, while obesity in women is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and hyperandrogenism. In children, the effect of obesity and weight reduction on the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis is rarely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of weight reduction in obese Caucasian children on insulin sensitivity, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), DHEAS and the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen (65 females) obese children with a median age of 12.3 (7–15) years were examined before and after a 10-week stay at a weight loss camp. Examination included anthropometry and fasting blood samples measuring plasma glucose, serum insulin, SHBG, DHEAS, testosterone, 17β-oestradiol, FSH and LH.ResultsBody mass index (BMI) decreased (P<0.01), insulin sensitivity and SHBG increased (P<0.01), independent of gender and puberty. The changes in insulin sensitivity and the changes in SHBG correlated significantly (P<0.01) independent of gender, puberty and the changes in BMI. Testosterone increased in boys (P<0.01) and tended to decrease in girls (P=0.05, in girls after menarche (P=0.03)). FSH increased in boys and girls. LH increased in boys and was unchanged in girls.ConclusionsDuring weight loss, insulin sensitivity and SHBG increased significantly in obese children, and the changes in insulin sensitivity and the changes in SHBG correlated significantly independent of gender, puberty and the changes in BMI. There was sexual dimorphism in the changes of testosterone, with the changes in boys towards increased virilisation and the changes in girls towards less virilisation.

scholarly journals During Rapid Weight Loss in Obese Children, Reductions in TSH Predict Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity Independent of Changes in Body Weight or Fat

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 5412-5418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Aeberli ◽  
Andreas Jung ◽  
Stefanie B. Murer ◽  
Johannes Wildhaber ◽  
Joanne Wildhaber-Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Children

scholarly journals Similar Weight Loss Induces Greater Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Function among Individuals with NAFLD Compared to Individuals without NAFLD

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Schübel ◽  
Tobias Nonnenmacher ◽  
Disorn Sookthai ◽  
Sandra Gonzalez Maldonado ◽  
Solomon Sowah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that weight loss among obese has differential metabolic effects depending on the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We assessed whether NAFLD predisposes to differential changes in liver fat content, liver function, and metabolic parameters upon diet-induced weight loss in a 50-week intervention trial. Methods: 143 overweight and obese non-smokers underwent a 12-week dietary intervention and a 38-week follow-up. Diet-induced changes in anthropometric measures, circulating biomarkers, and magnetic resonance (MR)-derived liver fat content and adipose tissue volumes were evaluated by mixed linear models stratifying by NAFLD at baseline. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD at baseline was 52%. Diet-induced weight loss after 12 (NAFLD: 4.8 ± 0.5%, No NAFLD: 5.1 ± 0.5%) and 50 weeks (NAFLD: 3.5 ± 0.7%, No NAFLD: 3.5 ± 0.9%) was similar in both groups, while the decrease in liver fat was significantly greater in the NAFLD group (week 12: 32.9 ± 9.5% vs. 6.3 ± 4.0%; week 50: 23.3 ± 4.4% vs. 5.0 ± 4.2%). Decreases in biomarkers of liver dysfunction (GGT, ALT, AST) and HOMA IR were also significantly greater in the NAFLD group. Other metabolic parameters showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Our data suggest that individuals with NAFLD show greater improvements of liver function and insulin sensitivity after moderate diet-induced weight loss than individuals without NAFLD.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in obese children before and after weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Reinehr ◽  
Gideon de Sousa ◽  
Ute Alexy ◽  
M Kersting ◽  
Werner Andler
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Before And After

Objective: The roles of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are discussed controversially in obesity, and studies of these hormones in obese children are limited. Therefore, we studied the relationships between PTH, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25-OH Vit D), 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH Vit D), weight status, and insulin sensitivity before and after weight loss in obese children. Methods: Fasting serum PTH, 1,25-OH Vit D, 25-OH Vit D, inorganic phosphate, calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), insulin, glucose, and weight status (SDS–BMI and percentage body fat) were determined in 133 obese children (median age 12.1 years) and compared with 23 non-obese children. Furthermore, these parameters were analyzed in 67 obese children before and after participating in a 1-year obesity intervention program. Results: Obese children had significantly (P < 0.001) higher PTH and lower 25-OH Vit D concentrations compared with non-obese children, while calcium, phosphate, AP, and 1,25-OH Vit D did not differ significantly. Changes of PTH (r = 0.23, P = 0.031) and 25-OH Vit D (r = −0.27, P = 0.013) correlated significantly with changes of SDS–BMI, but not with changes of insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment; HOMA-B%). Reduction of overweight in 35 children led to a significant (P < 0.01) decrease of PTH concentrations and an increase in 25-OH Vit D levels. Conclusions: PTH levels were positively and 25-OH Vit D concentrations were negatively related to weight status. Since these alterations normalized after weight loss, these changes are consequences rather than causes of overweight. A relationship between PTH, vitamin D, and insulin sensitivity based on the HOMA index was not found in obese children. Further longitudinal clamp studies are neccessary to study the relationship between vitamin D and insulin sensitivity.

Association of Pericardial Fat With Liver Fat and Insulin Sensitivity After Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Overweight Women

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Bosy-Westphal ◽  
Elke Kossel ◽  
Kristin Goele ◽  
Thordis Blöcker ◽  
Merit Lagerpusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Pericardial Fat ◽  
Overweight Women

scholarly journals Metabolically healthy obesity: what's in a name?

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faidon Magkos
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Visceral Adipose

ABSTRACT Metabolically healthy obesity refers to an obesity phenotype with no or little evidence of metabolic dysfunction. Lower liver fat content and visceral adipose tissue, greater insulin sensitivity and secretion, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, and a predominantly lower body (i.e., leg) fat deposition are key physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype. About 35% of all subjects with obesity are metabolically healthy. These individuals have approximately half the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with metabolically unhealthy subjects with obesity, but they still have a significantly greater risk (by 50–300%) compared with metabolically healthy lean subjects. Therefore, absence of metabolic risk factors in people with obesity should not be a contraindication for weight-loss treatment. Metabolically healthy obesity needs to be treated, and this need is reinforced by the fact that this phenotype is not stable over time, as ∼50% of these subjects will cease being metabolically healthy within ∼10 y. Intervening early is therefore important. Weight loss dose-dependently decreases visceral adipose tissue and liver fat content, and it improves multiorgan insulin sensitivity and β-cell function (i.e., it beneficially affects many of the physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype); however, weight loss is very difficult to maintain. This typically results in disappointment among patients and hinders adherence, which is likely critical for the limited success of most weight-loss treatments in the long term. On the other hand, using ≥1 metabolic health targets in a non-weight-loss-centered treatment paradigm that includes prudent dietary changes and increased physical activity can serve as an appropriate first goal that can help motivate patients toward the long-term goals of obesity treatment.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise but not resistance exercise reduces intrahepatic lipid content and visceral fat and improves insulin sensitivity in obese adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (10) ◽  
pp. E1222-E1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
SoJung Lee ◽  
Anthony R. Deldin ◽  
David White ◽  
YoonMyung Kim ◽  
Ingrid Libman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Intrahepatic Lipid

It is unclear whether regular exercise alone (no caloric restriction) is a useful strategy to reduce adiposity and obesity-related metabolic risk factors in obese girls. We examined the effects of aerobic (AE) vs. resistance exercise (RE) alone on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic lipid, and insulin sensitivity in obese girls. Forty-four obese adolescent girls (BMI ≥95th percentile, 12–18 yr) with abdominal obesity (waist circumference 106.5 ± 11.1 cm) were randomized to 3 mo of 180 min/wk AE ( n = 16) or RE ( n = 16) or a nonexercising control group ( n = 12). Total fat and VAT were assessed by MRI and intrahepatic lipid by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Intermuscular AT (IMAT) was measured by CT. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by a 3-h hyperinsulinemic (80 mU·m2·min−1) euglycemic clamp. Compared with controls (0.13 ± 1.10 kg), body weight did not change ( P > 0.1) in the AE (−1.31 ± 1.43 kg) and RE (−0.31 ± 1.38 kg) groups. Despite the absence of weight loss, total body fat (%) and IMAT decreased ( P < 0.05) in both exercise groups compared with control. Compared with control, significant ( P < 0.05) reductions in VAT (Δ−15.68 ± 7.64 cm2) and intrahepatic lipid (Δ−1.70 ± 0.74%) and improvement in insulin sensitivity (Δ0.92 ± 0.27 mg·kg−1·min−1 per μU/ml) were observed in the AE group but not the RE group. Improvements in insulin sensitivity in the AE group were associated with the reductions in total AT mass ( r = −0.65, P = 0.02). In obese adolescent girls, AE but not RE is effective in reducing liver fat and visceral adiposity and improving insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss or calorie restriction.

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