Activity Levels of Tamoxifen Metabolites at the Estrogen Receptor and the Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms of Phase I and II Enzymes on Their Concentration Levels in Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Mürdter ◽  
W Schroth ◽  
L Bacchus-Gerybadze ◽  
S Winter ◽  
G Heinkele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Tamoxifen Metabolites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Combined effect of genetic polymorphisms in phase I and II biotransformation enzymes on head and neck cancer risk

Head & Neck ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lacko ◽  
Adri C. Voogd ◽  
Hennie M. J. Roelofs ◽  
Rene H. M. te Morsche ◽  
Michel B. Oude Ophuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Biotransformation Enzymes ◽  
Phase I And Ii

The role of phase I and II genetic polymorphisms, smoking, alcohol and cancer family history, in the risk of developing testicular cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Roco ◽  
Alejandra Lavanderos ◽  
Juan P. Cayún ◽  
Cristian Acevedo ◽  
Cesar Celedón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Cancer Family ◽  
Cancer Family History ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Biotransformation of PCBs in Arctic seabirds: Characterization of phase I and II pathways at transcriptional, translational and activity levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B. Helgason ◽  
Augustine Arukwe ◽  
Geir W. Gabrielsen ◽  
Mikael Harju ◽  
Marit N. Hegseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Arctic Seabirds ◽  
Phase I And Ii

scholarly journals The Impact of Liver Cirrhosis and Cholelithiasis on Phase I and II Reactions Using Antipyrine and Trimethadione as a Model Substrate.

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einosuke TANAKA ◽  
Akio ISHIKAWA ◽  
Hironori ETOH ◽  
Shogo MISAWA ◽  
Katashi FUKAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Phase I ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phase I And Ii

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effect of Heat-Retaining and Diversion Facilities on Thermal Discharge from a Power Plant

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2267
Author(s):  
Ruixia Hao ◽  
Liyuan Qiao ◽  
Lijuan Han ◽  
Chun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Thermal Discharge ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phase I And Ii

In order to reduce the influence of thermal discharge from the power plant on the surrounding water environment and the operation efficiency of the power plant, a distorted physical model was presented and applied to Huadian Kemen Power Plant for studying heat transport and analyzing the effects of heat-retaining and diversion facilities near the intake/outlet on the thermal discharge for six scenarios. Field investigations were also used to validate the model. This study is unique as it is the first to elaborate on the impact of heat-retaining and diversion facilities on thermal discharge. The results indicate that the construction of heat-retaining and diversion facilities can decrease the excess temperature at intake to meet the intake requirement and improve the distribution of low temperature rise, but the area of high temperature rise has an increase. When the heat-retaining wall and diversion dike were constructed, the maximum intake temperature rise of Phase III decreased significantly by 1.0–1.3 °C with an average decrease of 0.2 °C, and the maximum value of Phase I and II was reduced by 0.3 °C with little mean change. A comparative experiment with different construction heights was also conducted. Result analysis shows that when the crest elevation was reduced from 3 to 2 m, the influence on the intake temperature rise of Phase I and II could be ignored, and the average temperature rise of Phase III only had an increase of 0.1 °C, suggesting that constructions with 2 m play an effective role in reducing heat return to the intake.

scholarly journals Urinary Pharmacokinetics of Immediate and Controlled Release Oxycodone and its Phase I and II Metabolites using LC-MS/MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Truver ◽  
Gerd Jakobsson ◽  
Maria D Chermà ◽  
Madeleine J Swortwood ◽  
Henrik Gréen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Early Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Abstract Oxycodone is a schedule II semi-synthetic opioid in the United States that is prescribed for its analgesic effects and has a high potential for abuse. Prescriptions for oxycodone vary based on the dosage and formulation, immediate release (IR) and controlled release (CR). Monitoring oxycodone metabolites is beneficial for forensic casework. The limited studies that involve pharmacokinetics of the urinary excretion of oxycodone metabolites leave a knowledge gap regarding the excretion of conjugated and minor metabolites, pharmacokinetic differences by formulation, and the impact of CYP2D6 activity on the metabolism and excretion of oxycodone. The objectives of this study were to compare urinary excretion of phase I and II metabolites by formulation and investigate if ratio changes over time could be used to predict the time of intake. Subjects (n=7) received a single 10 mg IR tablet of Oxycodone Actavis. A few weeks later the same subjects received a single 10 mg CR tablet of Oxycodone Actavis. During each setting, urine was collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 24, 48, and 72 h. Urine samples (100 µL) were diluted with 900 µL internal standard mixture and analyzed on an Acquity UPLC® I-class coupled to a Waters Xevo TQD using a previously validated method. The CYP2D6 phenotypes were categorized as poor metabolizers (PM), intermediate metabolizers (IM), extensive metabolizers (EM), and ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM). Comparisons between IR and CR were performed using two-tailed paired T-test at a significance level of p=0.05. The metabolite ratios showed a general increase over time. Four metabolite to parent ratios were used to predict the time of intake showing that predictions were best at the early time points.

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