The caffeine CO2 breath test: Dose response and route of N-demethylation in smokers and nonsmokers

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin N Kotake ◽  
Dale A Schoeller ◽  
George H Lambert ◽  
Alfred L Baker ◽  
David D Schaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Test Dose

Elicitation threshold of cobalt chloride: analysis of patch test dose-response studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise A. Fischer ◽  
Jeanne D. Johansen ◽  
Aage Voelund ◽  
Carola Lidén ◽  
Anneli Julander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Test Dose

CLINICAL TRIAL OF HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S3-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Crooke ◽  
W. R. Butt ◽  
P. V. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Individual Sensitivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACT Thirteen patients with prolonged secondary amenorrhoea and 5 with anovular cycles each provided sufficient data to establish their individual sensitivity to FSH. The parameters used were based on the rise in excretion of oestriol and of pregnanediol. The sensitivity expressed as the ED 50 (that dose which is effective in 50 per cent of times it is given) varied between patients over at least a sevenfold range but the difference between the 2 groups of patients was not significant. After adjusting for differences between patients a dose-response relationship was established and it was found that a dose equal to half the ED 50 would be expected to produce a response in less than Io per cent of the times it is given while a dose equal to twice the ED 50 would be expected to produce a response in more than go per cent of the times it is given. Such a dose would be likely to produce an excessive response. An excessive response occurred three times in 140 months of treatment. Sixteen of the I8 patients became pregnant. The 2 who failed gave up treatment prematurely. A test of individual patient's sensitivity to FSH was established which depended on single injections of the hormone mixed with HCG. The test was repeated at 2 to 3 weekly intervals with increasing dosages until a positive response was obtained as judged by an increase in excretion of oestriol. The rate at which the dose should be increased was investigated and a 30 per cent rate was selected. When the effective test dose was established a standard schedule of dosages was recommended for treatment using 3 equal doses of FSH in 8 days and HCG on the tenth.

Low-Dose Naltrexone for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia: Investigation of Dose–Response Relationships

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2253-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Bruun-Plesner ◽  
Morten Rune Blichfeldt-Eckhardt ◽  
Henrik Bjarke Vaegter ◽  
Joergen T Lauridsen ◽  
Kirstine Amris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Low Dose Naltrexone

Abstract Objective This study explores dose–response relationships when treating fibromyalgia with low-dose naltrexone. Design A single-blinded clinical trial was carried out using the “up-and-down” method. Subjects Subjects included women with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia aged 18–60 years who had been referred to treatment at a public pain clinic at a Danish university hospital. Methods The test doses were in the range 0.75–6 mg, and the dosing interval was 0.75 mg. The method was sequential and allowed predicting the dose effective in 50% (ED50) and 95% (ED95) of the subjects when the dose had shifted direction 10 times, and six pairs of “up-and-down” data were available. Results A total of 27 subjects were included in the study; two subjects were withdrawn. After inclusion of 25 evaluable subjects, the dose estimates were calculated as 3.88 mg for ED50 and 5.40 mg for ED95. As a secondary outcome, the effects on 10 common fibromyalgia symptoms were evaluated. A high interindividual variation was observed both in the symptom presentation at baseline and in which symptoms were reduced by low-dose naltrexone. Conclusions This study is the first to explore dose–response relationships in the treatment of fibromyalgia with low-dose naltrexone. Future placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials are needed, and according to our findings, 4.5 mg, which has previously been used, seems to be a relevant test dose. We recommend that future studies include additional nonpain fibromyalgia symptoms as outcome measures.

scholarly journals The effect of test dose and first IR stimulation temperature on post-IR IRSL measurements of rock slices

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Andrew Murray ◽  
Reza Sohbati ◽  
Mayank Jain
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Small Test ◽  
Saturation Dose

Abstract Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is increasingly applied to the dating of rock surfaces. There is at present no practical way of separating pure minerals (quartz and feldspar) from hard rocks for OSL measurement without losing the grain-size dependent dosimetric information and there is little information about the performance of the single-aliquot regeneration-dose (SAR) measurement protocol on the post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) signals from rock slices. The latter is investigated here. Our data indicate that there is a systematic increase in dose response curve saturation (or Do) with test dose size when the regeneration doses are first given in increasing order, and then decreasing order. This trend disappears if these orders are reversed. The reproducibility of dose response curves is dependent on the size of the test dose (poorer for small test dose). For rock slices given a saturation dose in the laboratory, it is observed that the sensitivity corrected pIRIR290 signal lies close to saturation level of the dose response curve, for first IR stimulation at temperatures between 50 and 250°C. However, the pIRIR290 signal from naturally saturated slices lies close to the laboratory saturation levels only for higher first IR stimulation temperatures e.g. 200°C or 250°C. Our data confirm earlier suggestions based on sand-grain measurements that, for older samples, accurate measurements close to saturation require that a higher first IR temperature is used.

An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Boakye-Gyasi ◽  
Ella Anle Kasanga ◽  
Elvis Ofori Ameyaw ◽  
Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi ◽  
Robert Peter Biney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Isobolographic Analysis ◽  
Aerial Parts

AbstractBackground:Geraniin, a dehydroellagitannin, is a major component of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts ofPhyllanthus muellerianus(Kuntze) Exell. (Euphorbiaceae). SeveralPhyllanthusspecies are traditionally used for painful disorders. The anti-nociceptive effects of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts ofP. muellerianusand of geraniin have been scientifically established. The aim of the paper is to determine whether a combination of geraniin and diclofenac or geraniin and morphine leads to better anti-nociceptive effects.Methods:The nature of the interactions of morphine and diclofenac with geraniin was evaluated by undertaking the isobolographic analysis. Mice were treated with geraniin (3–30 mg/kg), morphine (1–10 mg/kg), and diclofenac (10–100 mg/kg) to obtain the ED50values of the agents in the formalin test. Dose-response curves were then obtained and analyzed after the co-administration of geraniin with morphine or diclofenac in fixed ratio (1:1) combinations based on specific fractions (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8) of their respective ED50values for the formalin test.Results:Geraniin was less potent than morphine but more potent than diclofenac in the formalin-induced nociception. The isobolographic analysis of geraniin/morphine (G/M) and geraniin/diclofenac combinations (G/D) at different fractions revealed the potentiation of their anti-nociceptive effects. The degrees of potentiation, which were calculated as interaction indices, showed synergism for both combinations in both phase I (G/M: 0.040, G/D: 0.017) and phase II (G/M: 0.004, G/D: 0.002) of the formalin test.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates synergism for the co-administration of geraniin with both morphine and diclofenac.

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