Suppression of acetylpolyamine oxidase by selected AP-1 members regulates DNp73 abundance: mechanistic insights for overcoming DNp73-mediated resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs

Background: Anticancer chemotherapeutics have a lot of problems via conventional Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs), including non-specificity, burst release, severe side-effects, and damage to normal cells. Owing to its potential to circumventing these problems, nanotechnology has gained increasing attention in targeted tumor therapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs or genes encapsulated in nanoparticles could be used to target therapies to the tumor site in three ways: “passive”, “active”, and “smart” targeting. Objective: To summarize the mechanisms of various internal and external “smart” stimulating factors on the basis of findings from in vivo and in vitro studies. Method: A thorough search of PubMed was conducted in order to identify the majority of trials, studies and novel articles related to the subject. Results: Activated by internal triggering factors (pH, redox, enzyme, hypoxia, etc.) or external triggering factors (temperature, light of different wavelengths, ultrasound, magnetic fields, etc.), “smart” DDSs exhibit targeted delivery to the tumor site, and controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs or genes. Conclusion: In this review article, we summarize and classify the internal and external triggering mechanism of “smart” nanoparticle-based DDSs in targeted tumor therapy, and the most recent research advances are illustrated for better understanding.

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The Means to an End of Tumor Cell Resistance to Chemotherapeutic Drugs Targeting Thymidylate Synthase: Shoot the Messenger

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450023347605 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 297-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Randal Berg ◽

Peter Ferguson ◽

Janice DeMoor ◽

Mark Vincent ◽

James Koropatnick

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cell ◽

Thymidylate Synthase ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Cell Resistance ◽

Tumor Cell Resistance

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Current Progresses of Functional Nanomaterials for Imaging Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026619666191023130524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (27) ◽

pp. 2494-2506 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Congcong Zhu ◽

Yunjie Zhu ◽

Huijun Pan ◽

Zhongjian Chen ◽

Quangang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Skin Tumor ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Imaging Diagnosis ◽

Functional Nanomaterials ◽

Disease Prognosis ◽

Unsuccessful Treatment ◽

Short Period ◽

Malignant Skin

Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor that results in poor disease prognosis due to unsuccessful treatment options. During the early stages of tumor progression, surgery is the primary approach that assures a good outcome. However, in the presence of metastasis, melanoma hasbecome almost immedicable, since the tumors can not be removed and the disease recurs easily in a short period of time. However, in recent years, the combination of nanomedicine and chemotherapeutic drugs has offered promising solutions to the treatment of late-stage melanoma. Extensive studies have demonstrated that nanomaterials and their advanced applications can improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs in order to overcome the disadvantages, such as drug resistance, low drug delivery rate and reduced targeting to the tumor tissue. In the present review, we summarized the latest progress in imaging diagnosis and treatment of melanoma using functional nanomaterials, including polymers, liposomes, metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon-based nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are reported widely in melanoma chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and hyperthermia.

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Combination Therapy of Cisplatin and Other Agents for Osteosarcoma: A Review

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573394716999201016160946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamad Zahid Kasiram ◽

Hermizi Hapidin ◽

Hasmah Abdullah ◽

Azlina Ahmad ◽

Sarina Sulong

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

New Combination ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

Combination Regimen ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Primary Bone Tumor ◽

Phytochemical Compounds

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone tumor in children and adolescents, which is associated with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Multimodal therapy is the most common approach utilized for osteosarcoma management, such as the application of chemotherapy in combination with surgery or radiation therapy. Cisplatin is one of the predominantly used chemotherapeutic agents for osteosarcoma. Optimally, it is employed in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs along with surgery or radiation therapy. Despite the availability of numerous treatment approaches, patient survival rate has not definitively improved over the past three decades. Methods: We summarized all findings regarding the combination of cisplatin with other chemotherapeutic agents as well as with phytochemical compounds. Results: A combination of cisplatin with phytochemical compound synergistically enhances the killing effect of cisplatin on osteosarcoma cells with fewer side effects compared to combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion: Conclusively, a combination of cisplatin with selected chemotherapeutic drugs, has been shown to be effective. However, the unchanged survival rate urges for the search of a new combination regimen. As a collaborative effort to substantiate the therapeutic efficacy, the combination with phytochemical compounds shows a promising response both in vitro as well as in the preclinical study.

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Exploring Nanoemulsion for Liver Cancer Therapy

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573394716666200302123336 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 260-268

Author(s):

Tanmay Upadhyay ◽

Vaseem A. Ansari ◽

Usama Ahmad ◽

Nazneen Sultana ◽

Juber Akhtar

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

B Virus ◽

Delivery Vehicles ◽

Liquid Dosage Form

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Among these, at least 0.78 million people died of liver cancer alone. The recognized risk factors for liver cancer include chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, exposure to dietary aflatoxin, fatty liver disease, alcohol-induced cirrhosis, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and iron overload. The treatment plan for early diagnosed patients includes radiation therapy, tumour ablation, surgery, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Some sort of drug delivery vehicles has to be used when the treatment plan is targeted chemotherapy. Nanoemulsions are a class of biphasic liquid dosage form which are mixtures of oil and water stabilized by a surfactant. They are either transparent or bluish in hue and serve as a wonderful carrier system for chemotherapeutic drugs. These vehicles have a particle size in the range of 20-200 nm allowing them to be delivered successfully in the deepest of tissues. Recent publications on nanoemulsions reveal their acceptance and a popular choice for delivering both synthetic and herbal drugs to the liver. This work focuses on some anti-cancer agents that utilized the advantages of nanoemulsion for liver cancer therapy.

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Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles Enhance the Cytotoxicity of Chemotherapeutic Drugs by Blocking Autophagic Flux in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413716666200313155239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Zhixiong Xie ◽

Tianyu Zhang ◽

Cheng Zhong

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Hela Cells ◽

Late Stage ◽

Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Autophagic Flux ◽

Human Ovarian Cancer ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Chemotherapy Drugs

Background: During chemotherapy, drugs can damage cancer cells’ DNA and cytomembrane structure, and then induce cell death. However, autophagy can increase the chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells, reducing the effect of chemotherapy. Objective: To block the autophagic flux in cancer cells, it is vital to enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of chemotherapy drugs; for this purpose, we test the gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3 NPs)’ effect on autophagy. Methods: The cytotoxicity of Gd2O3 NPs on HeLa cells was evaluated by a (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Then, monodasylcadaverine staining, immunofluorescence, immunoblot and apoptosis assay were conducted to evaluate the effect of Gd2O3 NPs on autophagy and efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in human ovarian cancer cells. Results: We found that Gd2O3 NPs, which have great potential for use as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, could block the late stage of autophagic flux in a dose-dependent manner and then cause autophagosome accumulation in HeLa cells. When co-treated with 8 μg/mL Gd2O3 NPs and 5 μg/mL cisplatin, the number of dead HeLa cells increased by about 20% compared with cisplatin alone. We observed the same phenomenon in cisplatin-resistant COC1/DDP cells. Conclusion: We conclude that Gd2O3 NPs can block the late stage of autophagic flux and enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in human ovarian cancer cells. Thus, the nanoparticles have significant potential for use in both diagnosis and therapy of solid tumor.

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Synergistic effect of tumor chemo-immunotherapy induced by leukocyte-hitchhiking thermal-sensitive micelles

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24902-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Qi ◽

Feiyang Jin ◽

Yuchan You ◽

Yan Du ◽

Di Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Antitumor Immunity ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

A2a Adenosine Receptor ◽

Adenosine Receptor Antagonist ◽

Tumor Immunosuppression ◽

Tumor Immunogenicity ◽

Sch 58261 ◽

Tumor Accumulation

AbstractSome specific chemotherapeutic drugs are able to enhance tumor immunogenicity and facilitate antitumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, tumor immunosuppression induced by the adenosine pathway hampers this effect. In this study, E-selectin-modified thermal-sensitive micelles are designed to co-deliver a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist (SCH 58261), which simultaneously exhibit chemo-immunotherapeutic effects when applied with microwave irradiation. After intravenous injection, the fabricated micelles effectively adhere to the surface of leukocytes in peripheral blood mediated by E-selectin, and thereby hitchhiking with leukocytes to achieve a higher accumulation at the tumor site. Further, local microwave irradiation is applied to induce hyperthermia and accelerates the release rate of drugs from micelles. Rapidly released DOX induces tumor ICD and elicits tumor-specific immunity, while SCH 58261 alleviates immunosuppression caused by the adenosine pathway, further enhancing DOX-induced antitumor immunity. In conclusion, this study presents a strategy to increase the tumor accumulation of drugs by hitchhiking with leukocytes, and the synergistic strategy of chemo-immunotherapy not only effectively arrested primary tumor growth, but also exhibited superior effects in terms of antimetastasis, antirecurrence and antirechallenge.

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Contralateral catheterization of the ophthalmic artery to deliver intra-arterial chemotherapy in retinoblastoma

The Neuroradiology Journal ◽

10.1177/19714009211024632 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 197140092110246

Author(s):

Giancarlo Saal-Zapata ◽

Rodolfo Rodríguez ◽

Aaron Rodriguez-Calienes ◽

Raúl Cordero

Keyword(s):

Ophthalmic Artery ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Anterior Communicating Artery ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

First Line ◽

Chemotherapy Administration ◽

Class D ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Cure Rates

Retinoblastoma is the most frequent ocular malignancy in the pediatric population and intra-arterial chemotherapy has emerged as the first-line treatment of this entity with cure rates ranging from 33–100%, depending on the severity of the disease. We present the case of an advanced retinoblastoma in a pediatric patient who underwent intra-arterial chemotherapy through a contralateral route due to unsuccessful catheterization of the ophthalmic artery. The patient was diagnosed with a class D retinoblastoma which underwent the catheterization of the ophthalmic artery through the contralateral internal carotid and through the anterior communicating artery. In this case, intra-arterial chemotherapy administration was successfully delivered without complications. Contralateral routes for intra-arterial chemotherapy are safe and allow adequate penetration of the chemotherapeutic drugs in cases where a well-developed anterior communicating artery is present.

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