Position of a 'green-red' hybrid gene in the visual pigment array determines colour-vision phenotype

10.1038/8798 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Hayashi ◽  
Arno G. Motulsky ◽  
Samir S. Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Hybrid Gene

Defective colour vision associated with a missense mutation in the human green visual pigment gene

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Winderickx ◽  
Elizabeth Sanocki ◽  
Delwin T. Lindsey ◽  
Davida Y. Teller ◽  
Arno G. Motulsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Colour Vision

scholarly journals The spectral sensitivity of Drosophila photoreceptors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla R. Sharkey ◽  
Jorge Blanco ◽  
Maya M. Leibowitz ◽  
Daniel Pinto-Benito ◽  
Trevor J. Wardill
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Cross Modulation ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
Peak Sensitivity

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster has long been a popular model insect species, due in large part to the availability of genetic tools and is fast becoming the model for insect colour vision. Key to understanding colour reception in Drosophila is in-depth knowledge of spectral inputs and downstream neural processing. While recent studies have sparked renewed interest in colour processing in Drosophila, photoreceptor spectral sensitivity measurements have yet to be carried out in vivo. We have fully characterised the spectral input to the motion and colour vision pathways, and directly measured the effects of spectral modulating factors, screening pigment density and carotenoid-based ocular pigments. All receptor sensitivities had significant shifts in spectral sensitivity compared to previous measurements. Notably, the spectral range of the Rh6 visual pigment is substantially broadened and its peak sensitivity is shifted by 92 nm from 508 to 600 nm. We propose that this deviation can be explained by transmission of long wavelengths through the red screening pigment and by the presence of the blue-absorbing filter in the R7y receptors. Further, we tested direct interactions between photoreceptors and found evidence of interactions between inner and outer receptors, in agreement with previous findings of cross-modulation between receptor outputs in the lamina.

scholarly journals Evolution of ultraviolet vision in shorebirds (Charadriiformes)

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Ödeen ◽  
Olle Håstad ◽  
Per Alström
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Avian Evolution ◽  
Ultraviolet Vision ◽  
Rynchops Niger ◽  
Sws1 Opsin Gene

Diurnal birds belong to one of two classes of colour vision. These are distinguished by the maximum absorbance wavelengths of the SWS1 visual pigment sensitive to violet (VS) and ultraviolet (UVS). Shifts between the classes have been rare events during avian evolution. Gulls (Laridae) are the only shorebirds (Charadriiformes) previously reported to have the UVS type of opsin, but too few species have been sampled to infer that gulls are unique among shorebirds or that Laridae is monomorphic for this trait. We have sequenced the SWS1 opsin gene in a broader sample of species. We confirm that cysteine in the key amino acid position 90, characteristic of the UVS class, has been conserved throughout gull evolution but also that the terns Anous minutus, A. tenuirostris and Gygis alba , and the skimmer Rynchops niger carry this trait. Terns, excluding Anous and Gygis , share the VS conferring serine in position 90 with other shorebirds but it is translated from a codon more similar to that found in UVS shorebirds. The most parsimonious interpretation of these findings, based on a molecular gene tree, is a single VS to UVS shift and a subsequent reversal in one lineage.

scholarly journals The spectral sensitivity of Drosophila photoreceptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla R. Sharkey ◽  
Jorge Blanco ◽  
Maya M. Leibowitz ◽  
Daniel Pinto-Benito ◽  
Trevor J. Wardill
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
Peak Sensitivity

Abstract Drosophila melanogaster has long been a popular model insect species, due in large part to the availability of genetic tools and is fast becoming the model for insect colour vision. Key to understanding colour reception in Drosophila is in-depth knowledge of spectral inputs and downstream neural processing. While recent studies have sparked renewed interest in colour processing in Drosophila, photoreceptor spectral sensitivity measurements have yet to be carried out in vivo. We have fully characterised the spectral input to the motion and colour vision pathways, and directly measured the effects of spectral modulating factors, screening pigment density and carotenoid-based ocular pigments. All receptor sensitivities had significant shifts in spectral sensitivity compared to previous measurements. Notably, the spectral range of the Rh6 visual pigment is substantially broadened and its peak sensitivity is shifted by 92 nm from 508 to 600 nm. We show that this deviation can be explained by transmission of long wavelengths through the red screening pigment and by the presence of the blue-absorbing filter in the R7y receptors. Further, we tested direct interactions between inner and outer photoreceptors using selective recovery of activity in photoreceptor pairs.

scholarly journals Cone monochromacy and visual pigment spectral tuning in wobbegong sharks

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Theiss ◽  
Wayne I. L. Davies ◽  
Shaun P. Collin ◽  
David M. Hunt ◽  
Nathan S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Cone Type ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
Single Cone ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Absorbance Spectra

Much is known regarding the evolution of colour vision in nearly every vertebrate class, with the notable exception of the elasmobranchs. While multiple spectrally distinct cone types are found in some rays, sharks appear to possess only a single class of cone and, therefore, may be colour blind. In this study, the visual opsin genes of two wobbegong species, Orectolobus maculatus and Orectolobus ornatus , were isolated to verify the molecular basis of their monochromacy. In both species, only two opsin genes are present, RH1 (rod) and LWS (cone), which provide further evidence to support the concept that sharks possess only a single cone type. Examination of the coding sequences revealed substitutions that account for interspecific variation in the photopigment absorbance spectra, which may reflect the difference in visual ecology between these species.

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