Biochemistry and molecular biology teaching over the past 50 years

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Biology Teaching ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Modelling reaction kinetics inside cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Grima ◽  
Santiago Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Length

In the past decade, advances in molecular biology such as the development of non-invasive single molecule imaging techniques have given us a window into the intricate biochemical activities that occur inside cells. In this chapter we review four distinct theoretical and simulation frameworks: (i) non-spatial and deterministic, (ii) spatial and deterministic, (iii) non-spatial and stochastic and (iv) spatial and stochastic. Each framework can be suited to modelling and interpreting intracellular reaction kinetics. By estimating the fundamental length scales, one can roughly determine which models are best suited for the particular reaction pathway under study. We discuss differences in prediction between the four modelling methodologies. In particular we show that taking into account noise and space does not simply add quantitative predictive accuracy but may also lead to qualitatively different physiological predictions, unaccounted for by classical deterministic models.

VITAMIN B6 DEPENDENCY SYNDROMES: THEIR LARGER SIGNIFICANCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-555
Author(s):  
CHARLES R. SCRIVER
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Molecular Biologist ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remarkable Advance

DURING the past decade, the molecular biologist has shown us how mutation in the informational code of the gene is eventually translated into an alteration, either in the primary structure of a protein catalyst or in the rate of synthesis of the catalyst. In either case, the function of the catalyst is impaired and the phenotype of the organism is changed. Another, albeit less remarkable, advance in knowledge during the past decade both enhances our view of molecular biology and directly benefits the care of our patients. In 1954 two papers appeared in this journal describing a new cause of convulsions in infancy.

Transplantation and its biology: from fantasy to routine

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1681-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Tilney
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Routine Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Accepted Form

The replacement of diseased organs and tissues by the healthy ones of others has been a unique milestone in modern medicine. For centuries, transplantation remained a theme of fantasy in literature and the arts. Within the past five decades, however, it has developed from a few isolated attempts to salvage occasional individuals with end-stage organ failure to a routine treatment for many patients. In parallel with the progressive improvements in clinical results has come an explosion in immunology, transplantation biology, immunogenetics, cell and molecular biology, pharmacology, and other relevant biosciences, with knowledge burgeoning at a rate not dreamed of by the original pioneers. Indeed, there have been few other instances in modern medicine in which so many scientific disciplines have contributed in concert toward understanding and treating such a complex clinical problem as the failure of vital organs. The field has been a dramatic example of evolution from an imagined process to an accepted form of therapy.

Regulation of the Alternative Oxidase in Plants and Fungi.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Day ◽  
J Whelan ◽  
AH Millar ◽  
JN Siedow ◽  
JT Wiskich
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regulation Of Activity

The alternative oxidase of the inner mitochondrial membrane catalyses cyanide-insensitive respiration in plants and fungi. The molecular biology and regulation of this oxidase have been intensively studied over the past 10 years. Genes have been isolated, expression has been investigated and novel mechanisms for the regulation of activity have been discovered. This paper reviews these recent advances, focusing on the regulation of gene expression and activation by protein modification and organic acids, and possible roles of the alternative oxidase are discussed.

scholarly journals The Molecular Biology of Vestibular Schwannomas and Its Association with Hearing Loss: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Celis-Aguilar ◽  
Luis Lassaletta ◽  
Miguel Torres-Martín ◽  
F. Yuri Rodrigues ◽  
Manuel Nistal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Evidence

Hearing loss is the most common symptom in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS). In the past, compressive mechanisms caused by the tumoral mass and its growth have been regarded as the most likely causes of the hearing loss associated with VS. Interestingly, new evidence proposes molecular mechanisms as an explanation for such hearing loss. Among the molecular mechanisms proposed are methylation of TP73, negative expression of cyclin D1, expression of B7-H1, increased expression of the platelet-derived growth factor A, underexpression of PEX5L, RAD54B, and PSMAL, and overexpression of CEA. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in vestibular schwannoma development; we review some of these mechanisms with special emphasis on hearing loss associated with vestibular schwannoma.

Biogeography of the Anthropocene

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taste Preferences ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genome Analyses

The past and present impacts of humans on the biosphere have altered many ecological and evolutionary processes. One of the most dramatic set of examples comes from domestication, which has transformed species, landscapes, and socioeconomic systems over the last 30 millennia. Recent research driven by advances in molecular biology and information sciences, and enriched by whole genome analyses of the main plant and animal domesticates, is now able to elucidate obscure phylogenetic relationships complicated by past hybridization and chromosome rearrangements. These methods also reveal information on the historical events that converted wild species into useful, and in some cases, codependent taxa. A further set of human-domesticate interactions produces the great diversification behind the origin and maintenance of numerous crop landraces, fruit and vegetable variants, and animal breeds. Fashion, taste preferences, and familial dynamics are some of the additional factors involved beyond usefulness that collectively result in human-caused artificial selection. Domestication is an important dimension to consider in understanding the biogeographical implications of the Anthropocene.

Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery: A Review for the Multidisciplinary Team

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Taub ◽  
Joshua A. Lampert
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Craniofacial Surgery ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Direction

Pediatric craniofacial surgery is a specialty that grew dramatically in the 20th century and continues to evolve today. Out of the efforts to correct facial deformities encountered during World War II, the techniques of modern craniofacial surgery developed. An analysis of the relevant literature allowed the authors to explore this historical progression. Current advances in technology, tissue engineering, and molecular biology have further refined pediatric craniofacial surgery. The development of distraction osteogenesis and the progressive study of craniosynostosis provide remarkable examples of this momentum. The growing study of genetics, biotechnology, the influence of growth factors, and stem cell research provide additional avenues of innovation for the future. The following article is intended to reveal a greater understanding of pediatric craniofacial surgery by examining the past, present, and possible future direction. It is intended both for the surgeon, as well as for the nonsurgical individual specialists vital to the multidisciplinary craniofacial team.

scholarly journals The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: at the intersection of order, disorder, and kinetochore function

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Margaux R. Audett ◽  
Thomas J. Maresca
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
The Past ◽  
Massive Structure ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution ◽  
Kinetochore Function

Abstract The kinetochore (KT) field has matured tremendously since Earnshaw first identified CENP-A, CENP-B, and CENP-C [1,2]. In the past 35 years, the accumulation of knowledge has included: defining the parts list, identifying epistatic networks of interdependence within the parts list, understanding the spatial organization of subcomplexes into a massive structure – hundreds of megadaltons in size, and dissecting the functions of the KT in its entirety as well as of its individual parts. Like nearly all cell and molecular biology fields, the structure–function paradigm has been foundational to advances in the KT field. A point nicely highlighted by the fact that we are at the precipice of the in vitro reconstitution of a functional KT holo complex. Yet conventional notions of structure cannot provide a complete picture of the KT especially since it contains an abundance of unstructured or intrinsically disordered constituents. The combination of structured and disordered proteins within the KT results in an assembled system that is functionally greater than the sum of its parts.

scholarly journals OTAK DAN AKAL DALAM AYAT-AYAT NEUROSAINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-140
Author(s):  
Fu`ad Arif Noor
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reasonable Use ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Neuroscience, are simply the science devoted to learning Neoron(nerve cells). Nerve cells make up the nervous system, both thecentral nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheralnerves (31 pairs and 12 pairs of spinal nerve head). A nerve cellitself is not the smallest unit away from the nerve cell, the smallestunit of nerve cells (neurons) are the synapses ie the meeting point oftwo nerve cells move and pass the information (neurotransmitters).At the level of molecular biology, the smallest unit is like genes(genetic studies). Generally, the neuroscientist focused on nervecells in the brain. In the Qur'an sense has a glorious position. It wasevident the word "reasonable" in the Qur'an is mentioned insignificant amounts. The word "reasonable" in the Qur'an is called49 times. All in the form mudhari deed '(a verb that indicates thecurrent and future), but one that is shaped madhi verb (a verb thatindicates the past).Although the Qur'an does not mention the "sense" in its form as' acertain part of the human self '(سفنلا ىف لاقتسم ارهوج), which becamethe source of the birth of any acts rationally, but the Qur'anmentions "reasonable" in its meaning as' activities reasonable use'(لقعتلا ةيلمع), the appeal that invites use of reason as the path to truth(لقعتلا), thinking (ركفتلا), watching (رظنلا), to understand and learn(هقفتلا), take the wisdom and lessons from each incident (رابتعلاا) andetc.

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