Prions: health scare and biological challenge

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Aguzzi ◽  
Fabio Montrasio ◽  
Pascal S. Kaeser
Keyword(s):  
Biological Challenge

scholarly journals Penerapan prinsip DIR/Floortime Meningkatkan Kemampuan Memusatkan Atensi pada Anak dengan ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ratih Larasati ◽  
Lia M. Boediman ◽  
Mita Aswanti
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Emotional Assessment ◽  
Mother And Child

Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship-Based approach (DIR/Floortime) is one of the available interventions focused on increasing the quality of caregiver-child interaction. This study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of DIR/Floortime to increase the ability to sustain attention on a 4 year-old child with Early Onset Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is a qualitative research involving two participants, a boy diagnosed with ADHD, and the mother of the boy. This research utilized observation and interview in gathering the data, accompanying the use of observation log for duration of attention and frequency of distractedness specifically designed for this research, Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS), questionnaire and interview guideline: Observing Child’s Biological Challenge (OCBC), and Sensory Processing – Motor Planning Questionnaire (SPMPQ). The result of this study indicated that the application of DIR/Floortime principles is effective in increasing the ability to sustain attention on a 4 year-old child with Early Onset ADHD, along with the increase of the functional emotional development of both mother and child as shown with the increase of attention span, the decrease of frequency of distractibility, and score increase in the Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS).

Example of imaging solutions to multi-disease biological challenge - imaging of hypoxia

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Welch ◽  
Howard Halpern ◽  
Karen A Kurdziel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Challenge

Biological challenge procedures used to study co-occurring nicotine dependence and panic disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Abrams ◽  
Koen Schruers ◽  
Fiammetta Cosci ◽  
Shaun Sawtell
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Biological Challenge

scholarly journals Assessing vulnerability to panic: a systematic review of psychological and physiological responses to biological challenges as prospective predictors of panic attacks and panic disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. e100140
Author(s):  
Donald J Robinaugh ◽  
Meredith J Ward ◽  
Emma R Toner ◽  
Mackenzie L Brown ◽  
Olivia M Losiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Strong Indicator ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Behavioural Theories

BackgroundCognitive–behavioural theories of panic disorder posit that panic attacks arise from a positive feedback loop between arousal-related bodily sensations and perceived threat. In a recently developed computational model formalising these theories of panic attacks, it was observed that the response to a simulated perturbation to arousal provided a strong indicator of vulnerability to panic attacks and panic disorder. In this review, we evaluate whether this observation is borne out in the empirical literature that has examined responses to biological challenge (eg, CO2 inhalation) and their relation to subsequent panic attacks and panic disorder.MethodWe searched PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO using keywords denoting provocation agents (eg, sodium lactate) and procedures (eg, infusion) combined with keywords relevant to panic disorder (eg, panic). Articles were eligible if they used response to a biological challenge paradigm to prospectively predict panic attacks or panic disorder.ResultsWe identified four eligible studies. Pooled effect sizes suggest that there is biological challenge response has a moderate prospective association with subsequent panic attacks, but no prospective relationship with panic disorder.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the prediction derived from cognitive–behavioural theories and some preliminary evidence that response to a biological challenge may have clinical utility as a marker of vulnerability to panic attacks pending further research and development.Trial registration number135908.

Vitrification in human and domestic animal embryology: work in progress

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Vajta
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Human Embryology

According to the analysis of papers published in major international journals, rapidly increasing application of vitrification is one of the greatest achievements in domestic animal and especially human embryology during the first decade of our century. This review highlights factors supporting or hampering this progress, summarises results achieved with vitrification and outlines future tasks to fully exploit the benefits of this amazing approach that has changed or will change many aspects of laboratory (and also clinical) embryology. Supporting factors include the simplicity, cost efficiency and convincing success of vitrification compared with other approaches in all species and developmental stages in mammalian embryology, while causes that slow down the progress are mostly of human origin: inadequate tools and solutions, superficial teaching, improper application and unjustified concerns resulting in legal restrictions. Elimination of these hindrances seems to be a slower process and more demanding task than meeting the biological challenge. A key element of future progress will be to pass the pioneer age, establish a consensus regarding biosafety requirements, outline the indispensable features of a standard approach and design fully-automated vitrification machines executing all phases of the procedure, including equilibration, cooling, warming and dilution steps.

Adaptations and lifestyle in polar marine environments: a biological challenge for the study of fish evolution

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Verde ◽  
Ennio Cocca ◽  
Donatella Pascale ◽  
Elio Parisi ◽  
Guido Frisco
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environments ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Fish Evolution

scholarly journals The biological challenge of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a solvable problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C.W. Edwards ◽  
Simon McGrath ◽  
Adrian Baldwin ◽  
Mark Livingstone ◽  
Andrew Kewley
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Solvable Problem ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome

An experimental test of the effect of acute anxious arousal and anxiety sensitivity on negative reinforcement smoking

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 641-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha G Farris ◽  
Michael J Zvolensky
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anxious Arousal ◽  
Smoking Topography ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Although anxiety sensitivity has been reliably associated with smoking-anxiety comorbidity, there has not been a test of whether this construct moderates the effect of acute anxious arousal on actual smoking behavior. The present study utilized an experimental design to test the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity on laboratory-induced anxious arousal in terms of smoking urges and topography (puff style). Method: Participants were adult daily smokers ( n=90; Mage=43.6 SD =9.7); average 15.8 cigarettes per day). A between-subjects design was used; participants were randomly assigned to complete a biological challenge procedure consisting of either a single vital capacity inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide (CO2)-enriched air mixture or compressed room air. Smoking urges and smoking topography (puff behavior) were assessed before and after the challenge. Results: Results revealed a significant interaction between anxiety sensitivity and experimental condition ( b=−9.96, p=0.014), such that high anxiety sensitive smokers exposed to 35% CO2-enriched air reported significantly lower levels of smoking urges, relative to low anxiety sensitive smokers; the conditional effect of anxiety sensitivity was not observed for the room air condition. There were no significant interaction effects of experimental manipulation by anxiety sensitivity for any of the smoking topography outcomes. Discussion: The present results suggest for smokers with higher levels of anxiety sensitivity, the acute experience of anxious arousal is related to decreased subjective smoking urges. These data invite future research to explore the reasons for dampened smoking urges, including cardiorespiratory symptom severity.

scholarly journals Globalization: the New Challenges to the Sciences

2020 ◽  
pp. 511-528
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Yanitsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Business Politics ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Political Economic

Our world including Russia as well as all sciences have recently encountered with unprecedented critical situation. Actually, it’s already a hybrid war against humanity, and a technologically-constructed world is incapable to meet a couple of the above challenges. The interactions of the political, economic, social, climatic and biological processes are clearly showed that a mono-disciplinary method of global studies has been insufficient. The globalization should be investigated as an interdisciplinary phenomenon which is developing in the space– time parameters. Accordingly, humanity isn’t an object of their complex impact but as the active agent of their prevention. And this agent is a union of various sciences, political forces and civil organizations. If nowadays a biological challenge came to the forefront but tomorrow it may be replaced by the geopolitical or climatic issues. But up to now humanity rejects to recognize the natural forces are the same factor of global transformations as a business, politics, sciences and new technologies. It’s one more reason to see the current situation as the critical one. We have to understand that we aren’t in an economic or political crises but it’s a do crucial state of humanity and its living environment. Therefore, recently, our main goal not a sustainable development but the mobilization of all resources at hands in order to save humanity combines with critical comprehension of current global geopolitics and scientific and technological achievements. I’m deeply convinced that Russian sociology is able to play a leading role in that work.

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