Genome reshuffling of the copia element in an inbred line of Drosophila melanogaster

Nature ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 329 (6141) ◽  
pp. 742-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Biémont ◽  
Ammaria Aouar ◽  
Claude Arnault
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Copia Element

scholarly journals A novel repressor of P element transposition in Drosophila melanogaster

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD M. BADGE ◽  
JOHN F. Y. BROOKFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Full Length ◽  
P Element ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
P Elements

We have discovered, in an inbred line (Loua) of Drosophila melanogaster from Zaïre, a third chromosome showing unusual P element repression. Repression of P element transposition by this chromosome, named Loua3, is dominant zygotic and has three unusual properties. Firstly, its repression of the gonadal dysgenesis caused by a strong P haplotype is strongly temperature-dependent, being most evident at higher rearing temperatures. Secondly, subdivision of Loua3 by recombination abolishes repression: the effect is apparently a function of the intact chromosome. Finally, Loua3 also diminishes somatic lethality when chromosomes carrying many ‘ammunition’ elements (Birmingham2) are exposed to the constitutive transposase source Δ2-3(99B). The chromosome has 17 P elements, none full-length, located in at least 12 dispersed positions.

scholarly journals Direct determination of retrotransposon transposition rates in Drosophila melanogaster

1994 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Nuzhdin ◽  
Trudy F. C. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Hybridization Analysis ◽  
Spontaneous Mutations ◽  
Insertion Sites

SummaryRates of transposition and excision of the Drosophila melanogaster retrotransposon elements mdg3, 297, Doc, roo and copia were estimated directly, by in situ hybridization analysis of their cytological insertion sites in 31 replicates of a highly inbred line that had accumulated spontaneous mutations for approximately 160generations. Estimated transposition rates of Doc, roo and copia were, respectively, 4·2 × 10−5, 3·1 × 10−3 and 1·3 − 10−3; no transpositions of 297 nor mdg3 were observed. Rates of transposition of copia varied significantly among sublines. Excisions were only observed for roo elements, at a rate of 9·0 × 10−6 per element per generation. Copy number averaged over these element families increased 5·9 %; therefore, in these lines the magnitude of the forces opposing transposable element multiplication were weaker than transposition rates.

scholarly journals The copia retrotransposon and horizontal transfer in Drosophila willistoni

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. RUBIN ◽  
E. L. S. LORETO ◽  
C. M. A. CARARETO ◽  
V. L. S. VALENTE
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Blots ◽  
Drosophila Willistoni ◽  
Copia Retrotransposon ◽  
Control Of Transposition ◽  
Copia Element

SummaryThe copia element is a retrotransposon that is hypothesized to have been horizontally transferred from Drosophila melanogaster to some populations of Drosophila willistoni in Florida. Here we have used PCR and Southern blots to screen for sequences similar to copia element in South American populations of D. willistoni, as well as in strains previously shown to be carriers of the element. We have not found the canonical copia element in any of these populations. Unlike the P element, which invaded the D. melanogaster genome from D. willistoni and quickly spread worldwide, the canonical copia element appears to have transferred in the opposite direction and has not spread. This may be explained by differences in the requirements for transposition and in the host control of transposition.

scholarly journals The selection of invisible mutations

1942 ◽  
Vol 131 (862) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Selection Of

An inbred line of Drosophila melanogaster was selected, in two separate experiments, for the manifestation of polygenic characters over periods of twenty-one and fifty-three generations respectively. In one case change with selection, when it occurred, was smooth, but in the second experiment it proceeded in the form of sudden steps separated by periods in which selection was ineffective. These jumps are due to the recombination of the mutations to which individual polygenes have given rise. Masked by the non-heritable fluctuations of the character, these mutations, having small individual effects, accumulate until recombinations give rise to more extreme variants, which fluctuation can no longer hide. Selection then becomes effective in producing a change in the character.

STUDIES ON NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA. XII. HETEROSIS AND FITNESS CHARACTERS IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Tantawy ◽  
M. R. El-Helw
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Population Variance ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Different Populations

Three different unrelated natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster from Scotland, Japan and Egypt, as well a highly inbred line, were the basis of the present study. Crosses were made within and between natural populations and between each of the natural populations and the highly inbred line to obtain the parental, F1 and F2 generations and their relative fitness studied at 15°, 25° and 28 °C.The F1 interpopulation hybrids were superior to both parents in egg production, percentage emergence and longevity of adults in most of the crosses. Heterosis tended to be higher at 15° and 28° than at 25 °C. The F2 in all crosses was inferior to the F1 and also inferior to one or both parents. In crossing the inbred line with any of the natural populations, the F1 generally showed higher heterosis than that of the interpopulation hybrids; the F2 was also inferior to the F1 but superior to the inbred parent.Significant genotype-environment interaction was detected, indicating the differences in sensitivity to temperature in each population. Variance of any-given fitness character of a superior population at a given temperature was often smaller than the poor genotype. There was a decline in the coefficient of variation in the F1 generation and an increase in the F2's.

scholarly journals A DETAILED DEVELOPMENTAL AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS OF INSERTION OF THE COPIA TRANSPOSON INTO THE WHITE LOCUS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-515
Author(s):  
Zuzana Zachar ◽  
Dan Davison ◽  
Dan Garza ◽  
Paul M Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Transcriptional Orientation ◽  
Excision Event ◽  
Allelic State ◽  
White Locus ◽  
Copia Element

ABSTRACT The copia insertion responsible for the wamutation is 3' to the white promotor and in the same transcriptional orientation as white. First, we have analyzed the effects of the wa copia insertion on levels of polyadenylated white transcripts and find large, developmentally programmed effects. Second, we have isolated and sequenced an LTR-excision event involving the copia insertion at wa. This represents the first documented case of an LTR-excision event in Drosophila. This single copia LTR has developmentally programmed effects on white transcript levels qualitatively similar to the intact copia element. Third, we have characterized the structures of white transcripts from wa. We find polyadenylated white transcripts apparently having 3' termini in or near the 3' LTR of the wa copia insertion, as has been reported in limited studies of wa transcription in adults by others. These earlier studies also revealed wa transcripts apparently corresponding to polyadenylated terminus formation in the 5' LTR of the copia transposon; however, our more detailed studies reveal that these transcripts probably have other origins and that little, if any, polyadenylated terminus formation for white transcripts occurs in the 5' LTR of the wa copia insertion. Moreover, we find no polyadenylated terminus formation for white transcripts occurring in the single LTR of the wa LTR-excision product. Fourth, we find that each of three mutant alleles at su(wa) produces elevated levels of several classes of RNAs apparently corresponding to transcriptional readthrough of the wa copia transposon. Elevated levels of one presumptive readthrough transcript were observed previously in one su(wa)1 mutant strain. Fifth, we have confirmed the existence of a transcript initiated in the 3' LTR of the wa copia insertion and find the levels of this transcript to be strongly influenced by developmental stage and genetic background. Lastly, we have analyzed white transcripts produced by the whd  81b11 allele, which carries an insertion of copia in the opposite transcriptional orientation and in a different position than the wa copia insertion. In contrast to the wa copia insertion allele, the whd  81b11 allele produces polyadenylated white transcript levels very similar to the w  + case at the stages examined. Moreover, the whd  81b11  copia element apparently produced polyadenylated terminus formation in white transcripts and we observe no effect of the allelic state of su(wa) on apparent readthrough of this stop site. We discuss some possible implications of our results for the properties of retrotransposons as developmentally complex insertional mutagens and for the functional organization of the copia transcription unit.

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