Ice core record of the 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2 in the past two centuries

Nature ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 324 (6094) ◽  
pp. 237-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Friedli ◽  
H. Lötscher ◽  
H. Oeschger ◽  
U. Siegenthaler ◽  
B. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ice Core Record

scholarly journals Supporting evidence from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core for atmospheric CO2 changes during the past millennium

Tellus B ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
URS SIEGENTHALER ◽  
ERIC MONNIN ◽  
KENJI KAWAMURA ◽  
RENATO SPAHNI ◽  
JAKOB SCHWANDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Past Millennium

scholarly journals Climatic Records from the Dunde Ice Cap, China

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonnie G. Thompson ◽  
Wu Xiaoling ◽  
Ellen Mosley-Thompson ◽  
Xie Zichu
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bedrock Topography ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Pulse Radar ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Climatic Record

Results from the first glaciological investigation of the Dunde ice cap demonstrate that a long, highly temporally resolvable climatic ice-core record is preserved in this ice cap. Measurements of stratigraphy, microparticle concentrations, liquid conductivity, and oxygen-isotope ratios from three snow pits in 1984 suggest that the annual accumulation is approximately 200 mm (water equivalent). Measurement of microparticle concentrations and conductivities of pit samples collected in 1986 confirm the existence of annual dust layers and an annual accumulation rate of ∼200 mm/year over the past 5 years. Bore-hole temperatures of –5.4°C at 30 m indicate that the ice cap is polar. Mono-pulse radar depth determinations yield an average thickness of 140 m, which (coupled with the smooth bedrock topography and the current accumulation rate) suggest that the Dunde ice cap should contain at least a 3000 year climatic record. A drilling program to recover that record from this subtropical location is planned for 1987.

An Antarctic ice core reveals atmospheric CO2 variations over the past few centuries

Nature ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 315 (6017) ◽  
pp. 309-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Raynaud ◽  
J. M. Barnola
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Radiocarbon analysis in an Alpine ice core: record of anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to carbonaceous aerosols in the past (1650–1940)

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5905-5931 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Jenk ◽  
S. Szidat ◽  
M. Schwikowski ◽  
H. W. Gäggeler ◽  
S. Brütsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ice Core Record

Abstract. Long-term concentration records of carbonaceous particles (CP) are of increasing interest in climate research due to their not yet completely understood effects on climate. Nevertheless, only poor data on their concentrations and sources in the past is available. We present a first long-term record of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations - the two main fractions of CP – along with the corresponding fraction of modern carbon (fM) derived from radiocarbon (14C) analysis. The combination of concentration measurements with 14C analysis of CP allows a distinction and quantification of natural, biogenic and anthropogenic fossil sources in the past. CP were extracted from an ice archive, with resulting carbon quantities in the microgram range. Analysis of 14C by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was therefore highly demanding. We analysed 33 samples of 0.4 to 1 kg ice from a 150.5 m long ice core retrieved at Fiescherhorn glacier in December 2002 (46°33'3.2" N, 08°04'0.4'' E; 3900 m a.s.l.). Samples were taken from below the firn/ice transition down to bedrock, covering the time period 1650–1940 and thus the transition from the pre-industrial to the industrial era. Before 1800, OC was of pure biogenic origin with a mean concentration of 21±2 μg kg−1}. In 1940, OC concentration was more than a factor of 3 higher than this biogenic background, almost half of it originating from anthropogenic sources, i.e. from combustion of fossil fuels. The biogenic EC concentration was nearly constant over the examined time period with 6±1 μg kg−1. In 1940, the additional anthropogenic input of atmospheric EC was about 50 μg kg−1.

scholarly journals Multiproxy records of climate variability for Kamchatka for the past 400 years

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Solomina ◽  
G. Wiles ◽  
T. Shiraiwa ◽  
R. D’Arrigo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Decadal Variations

Abstract. Tree rings, ice cores and glacial geologic histories for the past several centuries offer an opportunity to characterize climate variability and to identify the key climate parameters forcing glacier expansions. A newly developed larch ring-width chronology is presented for Kamchatka that is sensitive to past summer temperature variability. This record provides the basis to compare with other proxy records of inferred temperature and precipitation change from ice core and glacier records, and to characterize climate for the region over the past 400 years. Individual low growth years in the larch record are associated with several known and proposed volcanic events that have been observed in other proxy records from the Northern Hemisphere. Comparison of the tree-rings with an ice core record of melt feature index for Kamchatka's Ushkovsky volcano confirms a 1–3 year dating accuracy for this ice core series over the late 18th to 20th centuries. Decadal variations of low summer temperatures (tree-ring record) and high annual precipitation (ice core record) are broadly consistent with intervals of positive mass balance measured and estimated at several glaciers, and with moraine building, provides a basis to interpret geologic glacier records.

scholarly journals Iron fluxes to Talos Dome, Antarctica, over the past 200 kyr

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vallelonga ◽  
C. Barbante ◽  
G. Cozzi ◽  
J. Gabrieli ◽  
S. Schüpbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dust Flux ◽  
Dust Sources ◽  
Ocean Sequestration

Abstract. Atmospheric fluxes of iron (Fe) over the past 200 kyr are reported for the coastal Antarctic Talos Dome ice core, based on acid leachable Fe concentrations. Fluxes of Fe to Talos Dome were consistently greater than those at Dome C, with the greatest difference observed during interglacial climates. We observe different Fe flux trends at Dome C and Talos Dome during the deglaciation and early Holocene, attributed to a combination of deglacial activation of dust sources local to Talos Dome and the reorganisation of atmospheric transport pathways with the retreat of the Ross Sea ice shelf. This supports similar findings based on dust particle sizes and fluxes and Rare Earth Element fluxes. We show that Ca and Fe should not be used as quantitative proxies for mineral dust, as they all demonstrate different deglacial trends at Talos Dome and Dome C. Considering that a 20 ppmv decrease in atmospheric CO2 at the coldest part of the last glacial maximum occurs contemporaneously with the period of greatest Fe and dust flux to Antarctica, we confirm that the maximum contribution of aeolian dust deposition to Southern Ocean sequestration of atmospheric CO2 is approximately 20 ppmv.

Ice Core Record of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons over the Past 400 Years

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 502-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawamura ◽  
I. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
O. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ice Core Record

scholarly journals The Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia) ice core record – Part 2: history of desert dust deposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 14133-14148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kutuzov ◽  
Michel Legrand ◽  
Susanne Preunkert ◽  
Patrick Ginot ◽  
Vladimir Mikhalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Ice cores are one of the most valuable paleo-archives. Records from ice cores provide information not only about the amount of dust in the atmosphere, but also about dust sources and their changes in the past. In 2009, a 182 m long ice core was recovered from the western plateau of Mt Elbrus (5115 m a.s.l.). This record was further extended after a shallow ice core was drilled in 2013. Here we analyse Ca2+ concentrations, a commonly used proxy of dust, recorded in these Elbrus ice records over the time period of 1774–2013 CE. The Ca2+ record reveals quasi-decadal variability with a generally increasing trend. Using multiple regression analysis, we found a statistically significant spatial correlation of the Elbrus Ca2+ summer concentrations with precipitation and soil moisture content in the Levant region (specifically Syria and Iraq). The Ca2+ record also correlates with drought indices in North Africa (r=0.67, p<0.001) and Middle East regions (r=0.71, p<0.001). Dust concentrations prominently increase in the ice core over the past 200 years, confirming that the recent droughts in the Fertile Crescent (1998–2012 CE) present the most severe aridity experienced in at least the past two centuries. For the most recent 33 years recorded (1979–2012 CE), significant correlations exist between Ca2+ and Pacific circulation indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Southern Oscillation Index and Niño 4), which suggests that the increased frequency of extreme El Niño and La Niña events due to a warming climate has extended their influence to the Middle East. Evidence demonstrates that the increase in Ca2+ concentration in the ice core cannot be attributed to human activities, such as coal combustion and cement production.

Ice core record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over the past 400 years

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 502-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kawamura ◽  
I. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Fuji ◽  
O. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ice Core Record
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