Agrobacterium rhizogenes inserts T-DNA into the genomes of the host plant root cells

Nature ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 295 (5848) ◽  
pp. 432-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Dell Chilton ◽  
David A. Tepfer ◽  
Annik Petit ◽  
Chantal David ◽  
Francine Casse-Delbart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Cells

scholarly journals A novel putative microtubule-associated protein is involved in arbuscule development during arbuscular mycorrhiza formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Ho-Plágaro ◽  
Raúl Huertas ◽  
María I Tamayo-Navarrete ◽  
Elison Blancaflor ◽  
Nuria Gavara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Filament Dynamics ◽  
Fungal Structure ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Abstract The formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis requires plant root host cells to undergo major structural and functional reprogramming in order to house the highly branched AM fungal structure for the reciprocal exchange of nutrients. These morphological modifications are associated with cytoskeleton remodelling. However, molecular bases and the role of microtubules (MTs) and actin filament dynamics during AM formation are largely unknown. In this study, the tomato tsb gene, belonging to a Solanaceae group of genes encoding MT-associated proteins for pollen development, was found to be highly expressed in root cells containing arbuscules. At earlier stages of mycorrhizal development, tsb overexpression enhanced the formation of highly developed and transcriptionally active arbuscules, while tsb silencing hampers the formation of mature arbuscules and represses arbuscule functionality. However, at later stages of mycorrhizal colonization, tsb OE roots accumulate fully developed transcriptionally inactive arbuscules, suggesting that the collapse and turnover of arbuscules might be impaired by TSB accumulation. Imaging analysis of the MT cytoskeleton in cortex root cells overexpressing tsb revealed that TSB is involved in MT-bundling. Taken together, our results provide unprecedented insights into the role of novel MT-associated protein in MT rearrangements throughout the different stages of the arbuscule life cycle.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model and Simulation for Nutrient-Plant Interaction Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byunghyun Ban
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Absorption Model ◽  
Membrane Flow ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Model And Simulation

Differential equation models to understand interaction between plant and nutrient solution are presented. The root cells selectively emit H+ ions with active transport consuming ATPs to establish electrical gradient along the cell membrane. It establishes electrical field with Nernst potential to make positively charged ions outside the cell membrane flow into the root cell. Anion influx is also modulated by H+ ion concentration because plant root cell absorbs negatively charged particles with symport. If an anion collides with H+ cell to make net charge as neutral, at symport channel, it can flow through. In this paper, mathematical models for cation and anion absorption are introduced. Cation absorption model was induced from Ohm's law combined with Goldman's equation. Anion absorption model is similar to chemical reaction rate model. Both models have physiological terms influenced by gene expression pattern, species or phenotypes. Cation model also includes terms for ion's kinetic and electrical properties, growth of plant and interaction between the root and the surroundings. Simulation for 20 different sets of coefficients showed that the physiology-related coefficient has important role on nutrition absorption tendencies of plants.

scholarly journals Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) Analysis of Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities in a Peat Soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Halbritter ◽  
T. Mogyoróssy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Plfa Analysis ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities

To analyze the rhizosphere bacterial communities in wetlands, the total lipid content was extracted from a peat soil and 4 abundant wetland plant roots ( Typha angustifolia L., Salix cinerea L., Carex pseudocyperus L., Thelypteris palustris Salisb.). The separated phospholipid fraction was further fractionated and deriva­tized prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement. In the evaluation only the bacteria-specific fatty acids were used in order to neglect fatty acid information derived from plant root cells. Based on these analyses, a high level bacterial concentration was demonstrated in the rhizosphere, and the relative occurrence of aerobe and anaerobe, Gram positive and negative bacteria, methanotrophs, sulphate reducers and Actinobacteria was determined. Through the PLFA analysis the study of bacteria regardless of culturability was possible.

scholarly journals Dark Septate Endophyte Improves Drought Tolerance of Ormosia hosiei Hemsley & E. H. Wilson by Modulating Root Morphology, Ultrastructure, and the Ratio of Root Hormones

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Wei
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Water Capacity

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are known to help host plants survive drought stress; however, how DSEs enhance host plant drought resistance under water stress conditions remains unclear. The objective of this study was to inoculate Ormosia hosiei seedlings with a DSE strain (Acrocalymma vagum) to investigate the effects of DSE inoculation on root morphology, ultrastructure, and the endogenous hormone content under drought stress conditions and to elucidate the drought resistance mechanism involved in the DSE–host-plant association. The inoculated seedlings were grown under three different soil water conditions (well watered—75% field water capacity, moderate water—55% field water capacity, or low water—35% field water capacity) for 114 days. Fresh root weight, root volume, root surface area, root fork, and root tip number were significantly higher in inoculated seedlings than in noninoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the root architecture of the inoculated seedlings changed from herringbone branching to dichotomous branching. Mitochondria and other organelles in root cells of inoculated seedlings remained largely undamaged under water stress, whereas organelles in root cells of noninoculated seedlings were severely damaged. The abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content and IAA/ABA ratio of inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than those of noninoculated seedlings, whereas the content of gibberellic acid (GA) and the ratios of GA/ABA, zeatin riboside (ZR)/ABA, and ZR/IAA in inoculated seedlings were lower than those of noninoculated seedlings. DSE inoculation could help plants adapt to a drought stress environment by altering root morphology, reducing ultrastructural damage, and influencing the balance of endogenous hormones, which could be of great significance for the cultivation and preservation of the O. hosiei tree.

Yellow Nutsedge Response to Southern Root-Knot Nematodes, Chile Peppers, and Metolachlor

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Michael J. Kenney ◽  
Stephen H. Thomas ◽  
Leigh Murray
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Chile Peppers

Greenhouse experiments showed that yellow nutsedge shoot number and shoot and root dry weights were reduced by root-knot nematodes and chile peppers. Root-knot nematodes increased and chile peppers decreased the number of yellow nutsedge tubers. Yellow nutsedge tuber germination was reduced by chile peppers but not by root-knot nematodes. Yellow nutsedge established from root-knot nematode-infected tubers produced more tubers than noninfected tubers. Root-knot nematode populations became established on yellow nutsedge root systems when plants were established from tubers previously cultured with root-knot nematodes. Metolachlor stunted chile peppers, eliminated yellow nutsedge, and influenced root-knot nematode populations through reduction of host plant root mass. However, when root-knot nematodes were present, yellow nutsedge tuber germination was not affected by metolachlor. This research indicates that the pests do not exist independently and that their management may be interrelated.

scholarly journals Destruction Process of Plant Root Cells by Aluminum

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao Wagatsuma ◽  
Minoru Kaneko ◽  
Yasuhiro Hayasaka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Root Cells

scholarly journals Mucoromycotina Fungi Possess the Ability to Utilize Plant Sucrose as a Carbon Source: Evidence From Gongronella sp. w5

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Junnan Fang ◽  
Pu Liu ◽  
Juanjuan Liu ◽  
Wei Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Carbon Supply

Mucoromycotina is one of the earliest fungi to establish a mutualistic relationship with plants in the ancient land. However, the detailed information on their carbon supply from the host plants is largely unknown. In this research, a free-living Mucoromycotina called Gongronella sp. w5 (w5) was employed to explore its effect on Medicago truncatula growth and carbon source utilization from its host plant during the interaction process. W5 promoted M. truncatula growth and caused the sucrose accumulation in M. truncatula root tissue at 16 days post-inoculation (dpi). The transportation of photosynthetic product sucrose to the rhizosphere by M. truncatula root cells seemed accelerated by upregulating the SWEET gene. A predicted cytoplasmic invertase (GspInv) gene and a sucrose transporter (GspSUT1) homology gene in the w5 genome upregulated significantly at the transcriptional level during w5–M. truncatula interaction at 16 dpi, indicating the possibility of utilizing plant sucrose directly by w5 as the carbon source. Further investigation showed that the purified GspInv displayed an optimal pH of 5.0 and a specific activity of 3380 ± 26 U/mg toward sucrose. The heterologous expression of GspInv and GspSUT1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed the function of GspInv as invertase and GspSUT1 as sugar transporter with high affinity to sucrose in vivo. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the ability of Mucoromycotina to utilize sucrose from its host plant underwent a process of “loss and gain.” These results demonstrated the capacity of Mucoromycotina to interact with extant land higher plants and may employ a novel strategy of directly up-taking and assimilating sucrose from the host plant during the interaction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Fusarium Solani Phytopathogenic Fungi in in Vitro and in Vivo Assays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela R. Avila ◽  
Graciela Juez Castillo ◽  
Carel E. Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Root Cells

Abstract Fungal diseases are a current problem in agriculture causing significant losses in several crops whereby its prevention and treatment is of utmost importance. The Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogen Fusarium solani. The chitosan concentration in nanoparticles that showed antifungal activity was 2.0 µg/mL. ChNPs showed to be a potential antifungal candidate with applications in phytosanitary control. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed damage to the fungal cell wall and membrane caused by the nanoparticles interaction with these structures affecting fungal growth and development in in vitro as in in vivo assay where microscopy demonstrated the internalization of nanoparticles aggregates within plant root cells cytoplasm up to 45 days. Therefore ChNPs nanoparticles could be an alternative method for diseases caused by Fusarium solani instead of chemical fungicides commonly used for treating tomato root rot.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document